Nannizzia incurvatagen. nov., sp. nov., A perfect state ofMicrosporum gypseum(Bodin) Guiart et Grigorakis

The New Species Concept in Dermatophytes—a Polyphasic Approach

“…Biological species concepts entered the picture with the modern rediscovery of dermatophyte teleomorphs by Dawson and Gentles [22] and Stockdale [23]. Several geophilic and zoophilic dermatophytes, as well as related non-pathogenic dermatophytoids like T. terrestre and Trichophyton ajelloi, were found to produce sexual states in the genera Arthroderma or Nannizzia (later reduced to synonymy with Arthroderma).…”

Immunology of Surface Fungi Dermatophytes

“…The relationship of the asexual dermatophytes, members of the fungi imperfecti or deuteromycetes, to the soil-inhabiting keratinophilic ascomycetes, the gymnoascaceae, was established by the works of Stockdale (1961) and Dawson and Gentles (1961). These investigators demonstrated the existence of perfect or sexual ascogenous forms of several of the geophilic species.…”

“…Heterothallism (sexual reproduction by two different thalli) in the dermatophytes was first proven by Stockdale in 1961. Weitzman (1964 showed that the mating system was based upon one locus with a single pair of alleles, designated as A( +) and a( -).…”

Medical mycology with particular reference to the dermatophytes

“…In 1959 cleistothecia of Keratinomyces (Trichophyton) ajellol developed on horse tail hair used to bait soil in Glasgow (Dawson and Gentles, 1959); cleistothecia of Microsporum gypseum arose spontaneously in an old culture of this fungus of human origin in Kew (Stockdale, 1961) and also on a recent culture from soil in Australia (Griffin 1960). Efforts to reproduce these perfect states, by the usually employed mycological laboratory procedures of pure culture on a wide variety of agar media and other substrates including keratin and sterile soil were unsuccessful.…”