Abstract:Two series of stable and soluble fulleropyrrolidines have been prepared from the reactions of C 60 , glycine or its N-arylated derivatives and aliphatic aldehydes or ketones in refluxing toluene or chlorobenzene. The new C 60 derivatives represent new useful building blocks for further preparation of more funcionalized C 60 derivatives.
“…Effects of the hydrocarbon substituents : As a starting point we studied the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated by the condensation reaction of three different symmetric ketones (Table 1): an aliphatic ( 11 ),43 an aromatic ( 12 ), and an ethynyl silylated derivative ( 13 and 14 )48, 49, with sarcosine ( 15 ) or other ( 16 and 17 ) amino acids under reflux conditions in PhMe or o ‐dichlorobenzene (ODCB).…”
The present paper evaluates the temporal and spatial impact of heavy metal containing (Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd and Fe) effluents of brass, electroplating and tannery industries on chemical and microbiological characteristics of affected soil and groundwater. Therefore, samples were drawn from three sites, S1, S2 and S3, with a longitudinally distant from effluent drain of 20, 200 and 700 m, respectively. In general, the metals concentration exceeded the standard limits not only in the discharged effluents but also in the soil and groundwater. The significant reduction of microbial biomass C and N, soil respiration and microbial coefficient with increasing metal content from S3 to S1 was recorded, the effect being more pronounced in summer. However, the Cmic/Nmic ratio decreased whilst the metabolic quotient ($q_{{\rm CO}_{{\rm 2}} } $) increased with increasing metal concentration in soil. The content of Zn (11.5 mg/L) and Bacillus sp. was at maximum in groundwater of brass and electroplating industry site, whereas that of tannery site contained maximum Cr (2.34 mg/L) and Enterobacter sp. The toxic metals adversely polluted the groundwater which made it to harbours Escherichia coli beyond the prescribed limit. To check the soil and groundwater pollution, eco‐friendly measures involving improved effluent treatment technology and site‐specific application of treated effluent are recommended.
“…Effects of the hydrocarbon substituents : As a starting point we studied the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated by the condensation reaction of three different symmetric ketones (Table 1): an aliphatic ( 11 ),43 an aromatic ( 12 ), and an ethynyl silylated derivative ( 13 and 14 )48, 49, with sarcosine ( 15 ) or other ( 16 and 17 ) amino acids under reflux conditions in PhMe or o ‐dichlorobenzene (ODCB).…”
The present paper evaluates the temporal and spatial impact of heavy metal containing (Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd and Fe) effluents of brass, electroplating and tannery industries on chemical and microbiological characteristics of affected soil and groundwater. Therefore, samples were drawn from three sites, S1, S2 and S3, with a longitudinally distant from effluent drain of 20, 200 and 700 m, respectively. In general, the metals concentration exceeded the standard limits not only in the discharged effluents but also in the soil and groundwater. The significant reduction of microbial biomass C and N, soil respiration and microbial coefficient with increasing metal content from S3 to S1 was recorded, the effect being more pronounced in summer. However, the Cmic/Nmic ratio decreased whilst the metabolic quotient ($q_{{\rm CO}_{{\rm 2}} } $) increased with increasing metal concentration in soil. The content of Zn (11.5 mg/L) and Bacillus sp. was at maximum in groundwater of brass and electroplating industry site, whereas that of tannery site contained maximum Cr (2.34 mg/L) and Enterobacter sp. The toxic metals adversely polluted the groundwater which made it to harbours Escherichia coli beyond the prescribed limit. To check the soil and groundwater pollution, eco‐friendly measures involving improved effluent treatment technology and site‐specific application of treated effluent are recommended.
“…1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ using ketones Effects of the hydrocarbon substituents: As a starting point we studied the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated by the condensation reaction of three different symmetric ketones (Table 1): an aliphatic (11), [43] an aromatic (12), and an ethynyl silylated derivative (13 and 14) [48,49] , with sarcosine (15) or other (16 and 17) amino acids under reflux conditions in PhMe or o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB).…”
Fullerene-based tetrads, triads, and dyads are presented in which [60]fulleropyrrolidine synthons are linked to an oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene) antenna at the nitrogen atom and to electron-donor phenothiazine (PTZ) and/or ferrocene (Fc) moieties at the α carbon of the pyrrolidine cycle through an acetylene spacer. Cyclic voltammetry and UV/ Vis absorption spectra evidence negligible ground-state electronic interactions among the subunits. By contrast, strong excited-state interactions are detected upon selective light irradiation of the antenna (UV) or of the fullerene scaffold (Vis). When only PTZ is present as electron donor, photoinduced electron transfer to the fullerene unit is unambiguously detected in benzonitrile, but this is not the case when Fc is part of the multicomponent system. These results suggest that Fc is a formidable energy transfer quencher and caution should be used in choosing it as electron donor to promote efficient charge separation in multicomponent arrays.
“…27 Stable and soluble N-unsubstituted and N-arylated fulleropyrrolidines have been prepared from the reactions of C 60 , glycine or its Narylated derivatives, and aliphatic aldehydes or ketones as new useful building blocks for further preparation of more functionalised C 60 derivatives. 28 The composite obtained from the insertion of a water-soluble bisadduct fulleropyrrolidine derivative into the interlayer space of three layered clays has been described and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and complemented by computer simulations. These findings open new perspectives for the design and construction of novel C 60 -based organic/clay hybrid materials.…”
Section: Production Separation and Properties Of Fullerenesmentioning
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