<i>N</i>-Acylethanolamine Metabolism Interacts with Abscisic Acid Signaling in<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>Seedlings

Teaster, Neal D.; Motes, Christy M.; Tang, Yuhong; Wiant, William C.; Cotter, Matthew Q.; Wang, Yuh‐Shuh; Kilaru, Aruna; Venables, Barney J.; Hasenstein, Karl H.; González, Gabriel; Blancaflor, Elison B.; Chapman, Kent D.

doi:10.1105/tpc.106.048702

Cited by 67 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Effects of PDP-EA and Cardanol-EA on Plant Growth-Negative effects on seedling growth by exogenous NAE 12:0 are well documented (13)(14)(15). PDP-EA and cardanol-EA were able to reverse partially these negative growth effects (Fig.…”

Section: Protection By Phenoxyacyl-ethanolamides From Ethanolamine Prmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Plant Material and Cultures-Ten mg of A. thaliana (ecotype Col-0) seeds were surface-sterilized and then stratified in the dark for 2 days at 4°C prior to sowing in liquid (75 ml) or solid Murashige and Skoog medium (14). Growth of seedlings was in a 16-h light/8-h dark cycle (60 mol⅐m Ϫ2 ⅐s Ϫ1 ) for 11 days at 20°C.…”

Section: Sds-page and Western Blotting Of Purified Faah Proteinseach mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FAAH-overexpressing plants exhibited an early flowering phenotype in both inductive and non-inductive growth conditions, and this was associated with lower NAE levels and higher expression of FT and other key flowering genes (16). Still other work has attributed changes in host susceptibility to pathogens (17,18) or changes in phytohormone signaling pathways (11,14,18) with altered FAAH expression.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Phenoxyacyl-Ethanolamides and Their Effects on Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Activity

Faure

Nagarajan

Hwang

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) belongs to the family of amidase signature proteins and is involved in N-acylethanolamine (NAE) metabolism. Results: New synthetic phenoxyacyl-ethanolamide compounds increased the amidohydrolase activity of FAAH. Conclusion: Phenoxyacyl-ethanolamide compounds increased the activity of the FAAH enzyme in plants and animals. Significance: New properties of FAAH proteins were revealed with these phenoxyacyl-ethanolamide compounds, and the potential for their applications in vivo was demonstrated.

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Section: Protection By Phenoxyacyl-ethanolamides From Ethanolamine Prmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Sds-page and Western Blotting Of Purified Faah Proteinseach mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Phenoxyacyl-Ethanolamides and Their Effects on Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Activity

Faure

Nagarajan

Hwang

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Leaves were harvested at different stages for analysis. Alternatively, seeds were sown in half-strength Murashige and Skoog salts in liquid or solid medium with 1% sucrose (40) and seedlings were harvested at various intervals after sowing for analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of theArabidopsisCGI-58 homologue produces Chanarin–Dorfman-like lipid droplet accumulation in plants

James

Horn

Case

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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CGI-58 is the defective gene in the human neutral lipid storage disease called Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome. This disorder causes intracellular lipid droplets to accumulate in nonadipose tissues, such as skin and blood cells. Here, disruption of the homologous CGI-58 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in the accumulation of neutral lipid droplets in mature leaves. Mass spectroscopy of isolated lipid droplets from cgi-58 loss-of-function mutants showed they contain triacylglycerols with common leaf-specific fatty acids. Leaves of mature cgi-58 plants exhibited a marked increase in absolute triacylglycerol levels, more than 10-fold higher than in wild-type plants. Lipid levels in the oil-storing seeds of cgi-58 loss-of-function plants were unchanged, and unlike mutations in β-oxidation, the cgi-58 seeds germinated and grew normally, requiring no rescue with sucrose. We conclude that the participation of CGI-58 in neutral lipid homeostasis of nonfat-storing tissues is similar, although not identical, between plant and animal species. This unique insight may have implications for designing a new generation of technologies that enhance the neutral lipid content and composition of crop plants.compartmentation | plant lipid metabolism P lants synthesize and store neutral lipids such as triacylglycerols (TAGs) primarily in cytosolic lipid droplets of maturing seeds (1, 2). In domesticated oilseeds, these stored TAGs represent a major source of calories for human and animal nutrition, an excellent feedstock for diesel fuels, and a reservoir for the deposition of industrially important fatty acids used as chemical feedstocks (3-6). Although not commonly appreciated, TAGs also are synthesized in nonseed tissues (7,8), but their abundance in these tissues is low, in part because of the metabolism of the cell and perhaps as a consequence of the continuous recycling of fatty acids for energy and membrane synthesis. Indeed, vegetative cells can incorporate radiolabeled precursors into TAG (7, 8), they express diacylglycerol acyltransferases [the only enzyme in the "Kennedy pathway" unique to TAG production (9)], and they can accumulate TAGs in β-oxidation mutants (2) and in some floral (10) and fruit (7) tissues. Thus, although plant vegetative cells appear to have the metabolic machinery to synthesize and accumulate neutral lipids, there are likely underlying regulatory mechanisms in place to minimize this process, none of which are understood.Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome is a neutral-lipid storage disease (11) caused by a defect in the protein CGI-58 (comparative gene identification-58, also called ABHD5 for α/β hydrolase-5). CGI-58 is a soluble enzyme that associates with cytosolic lipid droplets under certain metabolic conditions and appears to play a role in hydrolysis of stored lipids (11)(12)(13)(14). Several different mutations in this protein, including amino acid substitutions, premature stop codons, and defects in mRNA splicing, have been identified in various Chanarin-Dorfman patients, all of which result in a hyperac...

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“…Anandamide, the main ligand of the cannabinoid receptor in mammals regulates many cellular and developmental responses including the modulation of neurotransmission in the central nervous system, synchronization of embryo development, and vasodilation (for review, see Pertwee, 2006). It appears that NAE signaling has important biological functions in plants, such as germination (Wang et al, 2006;Teaster et al, 2007), defense responses (Chapman et al, 1998), and root development (Blancaflor et al, 2003), but research is still at a relatively early stage.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cytokinin Receptors Are Involved in Alkamide Regulation of Root and Shoot Development in Arabidopsis

et al. 2007

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Alkamides and N-acilethanolamides are a class of lipid compounds related to animal endocannabinoids of wide distribution in plants. We investigated the structural features required for alkamides to regulate plant development by comparing the root responses of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings to a range of natural and synthetic compounds. The length of the acyl chain and the amide moiety were found to play a crucial role in their biological activity. From the different compounds tested, N-isobutyl decanamide, a small saturated alkamide, was found to be the most active in regulating primary root growth and lateral root formation. Proliferative-promoting activity of alkamide treatment was evidenced by formation of callus-like structures in primary roots, ectopic blades along petioles of rosette leaves, and disorganized tumorous tissue originating from the leaf lamina. Ectopic organ formation by N-isobutyl decanamide treatment was related to altered expression of the cell division marker CycB1:uidA and an enhanced expression of the cytokinin-inducible marker ARR5:uidA both in roots and in shoots. The involvement of cytokinins in mediating the observed activity of alkamides was tested using Arabidopsis mutants lacking one, two, or three of the putative cytokinin receptors CRE1, AHK2, and AHK3. The triple cytokinin receptor mutant was insensitive to N-isobutyl decanamide treatment, showing absence of callus-like structures in roots, the lack of lateral root proliferation, and absence of ectopic outgrowths in leaves under elevated levels of this alkamide. Taken together our results suggest that alkamides and N-acylethanolamides may belong to a class of endogenous signaling compounds that interact with a cytokinin-signaling pathway to control meristematic activity and differentiation processes during plant development.

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N-Acylethanolamine Metabolism Interacts with Abscisic Acid Signaling inArabidopsis thalianaSeedlings

Cited by 67 publications

References 74 publications

Synthesis of Phenoxyacyl-Ethanolamides and Their Effects on Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Activity

Synthesis of Phenoxyacyl-Ethanolamides and Their Effects on Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Activity

Disruption of theArabidopsisCGI-58 homologue produces Chanarin–Dorfman-like lipid droplet accumulation in plants

Cytokinin Receptors Are Involved in Alkamide Regulation of Root and Shoot Development in Arabidopsis

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