N-Acetylneuraminic acid attenuates hypercoagulation on high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats

Abstract

Background and objective N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a type of sialic acid, has close links with cholesterol metabolism and is often used as a biomarker in evaluating the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, most studies on the health implications of Neu5Ac have focused on its effects on the nervous system, while its effects on cardiovascular risk factors have largely been unreported. Thus, the effects of Neu5Ac on coagulation status in high fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic rats were evaluated in this study.MethodsSprague Dawley male rats were divided into five different groups and fed with HFD alone, HFD low-dose Neu5Ac, HFD high-dose Neu5Ac, HFD simvastatin (10 mg/kg day), and normal pellet alone. Food was given ad libitum while body weight of rats was measured weekly. After 12 weeks of intervention, rats were sacrificed and serum and tissue samples were collected for biochemistry and gene expression analysis, respectively.ResultsThe results showed that Neu5Ac could improve lipid metabolism and hyperlipidemia-associated coagulation. Neu5Ac exerted comparable or sometimes better physiological effects than simvastatin, at biochemical and gene expression levels.ConclusionsThe data indicated that Neu5Ac prevented HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and associated hypercoagulation in rats through regulation of lipid-related and coagulation-related genes and, by extension, induced metabolite and protein changes. The implications of the present findings are that Neu5Ac may be used to prevent coagulation-related cardiovascular events in hyperlipidemic conditions. These findings are worth studying further.

Dietary Neu5Ac Intervention Protects Against Atherosclerosis Associated With Human-Like Neu5Gc Loss—Brief Report

“…Further studies, however, need to determine to what extent this anti-inflammatory effect is a direct or indirect result of the EBN feeding. There have also been reports that feeding high levels of free Neu5Ac by gavage can attenuate HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and associated hypercoagulation 42 and insulin resistance, 43 again in a rat model. Free Neu5Ac administration to HFD-fed ApoE −/− mice also decreased aortic atherosclerotic plaque formation by 18.9% and decreased the lipid deposition in liver hepatocytes by 26.7%.…”

Citrus p-Synephrine Improves Energy Homeostasis by Regulating Amino Acid Metabolism in HFD-Induced Mice

“…HFD consumption significantly increased the level of myristic acid in the liver of mice [ 25 ]. The ingestion of N -acetylneuraminic acid attenuated HFD-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, and attenuated hypercoagulation in HFD-induced hyperlipidemic rats [ 26 , 27 ]. Phenylalanine biosynthesis played a role in improving HFD-induced obesity treated with Sporisorium reilianum polysaccharide and metabolic disorders of type 2 diabetic mellitus combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice treated with Zuogui-Jiangtang-Qinggan-Fang [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Recent advances on N-acetylneuraminic acid: Physiological roles, applications, and biosynthesis

“…This electrostatic repulsion is pivotal for avoiding unfavorable cell contact in blood circulation and anti-adhesive repulsion [ 46 ]. A striking example is that the interplay between low-density lipoprotein and the blood vessel wall is regulated by increased levels of Neu5Ac in the vessel wall and erythrocytes through increasing negative charges on these surfaces, thus preventing high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and hypercoagulation [ 47 ]. Furthermore, hydrophilic and negatively charged Sia, including Neu5Ac, promote red blood cell stabilization and prevent aggregation of blood components [ 10 ].…”