<i>Myroxylon pereirae</i>resin (balsam of Peru) – A critical review of the literature and assessment of the significance of positive patch test reactions and the usefulness of restrictive diets

Groot, Anton C. de

doi:10.1111/cod.13263

Cited by 52 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…The age gradient of positive reactions to M. pereirae (balsam of Peru) is even more marked than that of FM I. This “ill‐defined natural fragrance mix” is an apparently important, but also enigmatic allergen, concerning the consequences of a positive patch test for the patient, as recently reviewed by de Groot 35 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This "ill-defined natural fragrance mix" is an apparently important, but also enigmatic allergen, concerning the consequences of a positive patch test for the patient, as recently reviewed by de Groot. 35 The dramatic increase of contact allergy prevalence to MI and, parallel to this, to the mixture methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/MI 3:1 in the recent past, and the decline since 2013/2014 have been repeatedly reported and discussed, 9,36 and shall not be expanded on here. The fact that MI 0.02 and 0.05% aq.…”

Section: European Baseline Series (Version 2015)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patch test results with the European baseline series and additions thereof in the ESSCA network, 2015‐2018

et al. 2020

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Background Clinical surveillance of the prevalence of contact allergy in consecutively patch tested patients is a proven instrument to continually assess the importance of contact allergens (haptens) assembled in a baseline series. Objectives To present current results from the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies, including 13 countries represented by 1 to 11 departments. Methods Anonymized or pseudonymized patch test and clinical data from various data capture systems used locally or nationally as transferred to the Erlangen data centre were pooled and descriptively analysed after quality control. Results In the 4 years (2015‐2018), data from 51 914 patients patch tested with the European baseline series (EBS) of contact allergens were analysed. Contact allergy to nickel was most frequent (17.6% positive), followed by contact allergy to fragrance mix I (6.9%), methylisothiazolinone (MI; 6.2%), and Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru; 5.8%). Conclusions While the prevalence of MI contact allergy decreased substantially following regulatory intervention, the persistently high levels of allergy to metals, fragrances, other preservatives, and rubber chemicals point to problems needing further research and, potentially, preventive efforts. Results with national additions to the baseline series provide important information on substances possibly to be considered for inclusion in the EBS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: European Baseline Series (Version 2015)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patch test results with the European baseline series and additions thereof in the ESSCA network, 2015‐2018

et al. 2020

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“…A recent review of the chemistry and epidemiology of MPR has demonstrated that traditional sources of exposure and sensitization have now vanished in most countries. 29 Therefore, the clinical relevance of MPR contact allergy is notoriously difficult to explain, particularly to the sensitized patient. As only a small proportion of patients positive to FM I are, at the same time, positive to SSO, the prevalence estimate for FM I contact allergy is hardly affected by considering SSO or not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and current spectrum of contact allergy in Central Europe: results of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) 2007–2018*

et al. 2020

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Summary Background Changing patterns of exposure lead to changes in the spectrum of contact allergy in the general population and in patients patch tested for suspected contact allergy. The main contact allergens (haptens) are assembled in the so‐called ‘baseline series’. Objectives To present the current spectrum of contact allergy to baseline series allergens, and its temporal development over the last 12 years, based on data collected by the 56 active departments of the trinational Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK). Methods Patch‐test data, along with core demographic and clinical information, subdivided into 4‐year periods for all patients patch tested with the baseline series in the IVDK, were analysed descriptively. Moreover, log‐binomial regression analysis addressed temporal trends of specific contact allergies, adjusted for potentially confounding factors. Results Among the 125 436 patients tested with the German baseline series, the most common allergens were nickel (14·7%), fragrance mix I (8·1%), Myroxylon pereirae resin (7·5%) and cobalt (5·2%), with no conclusive trend. The rise and fall of contact allergy to methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MI), following (self‐) regulation in the European Union, reflected the MI contact allergy epidemic. Propolis showed a marked upward trend with a prevalence of 3·94% during the period 2015–2018. Conclusions Decreases in sensitization prevalence likely reflect reduced exposure, with some lag, as seen with hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde. If no (sufficient) decrease can be observed despite interventions, such as for nickel and chromium, affected subgroups should be identified and their causative exposures explored. Finally, increases such as that observed with propolis, certainly warrant targeted investigation of the exposures driving sensitization, and possibly intervention. What is already known about this topic? Contact allergy is prevalent in the general population. Surveillance based on clinical data offers timely information on trends concerning certain allergens or subgroups at risk. What does this study add? This analysis provides an update of the current contact allergy prevalence in Central Europe, including time trends. This study describes the demographic and clinical profile of patients tested from 2007 to 2018. This research identifies contact allergens that require (further) preventive efforts. Linked Comment: Schuttelaar. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:800–801.

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“…Screening for fragrance substance contact allergy in routine patch testing is achieved by the use of two fragrance mixes (I and II), including 8 and 5 single constituents, respectively. Furthermore, a natural mixture, Myroxylon pereirae resin, is routinely tested, containing a number of constituents to which exposure is also possible independent of this mixture, while other constituents are more characteristic for Myroxylon pereirae, and some constituents are shared with propolis (see under "woods, plants and plant products" below), as recently reviewed [65]. It has repeatedly been found that using these screening markers, only about half of all fragrance-allergic patients are diagnosed; hence some departments routinely test with all 26 fragrances currently needing to be labelled in the EU according to Annex III of EU Cosmetic Regulation 1223/2009 [66].…”

Section: Fragrancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Allergy—Emerging Allergens and Public Health Impact

Uter

Werfel

Lepoittevin

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Contact allergy (sensitisation) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) resulting from it have a considerable public health impact. For the present review, all pertinent articles were systematically searched via Medline and Web of Science™; additionally, all available issues of the journals “Contact Dermatitis” and “Dermatitis” were manually searched, covering the years 2018–2019, thereby extending and re-focusing a previous similar review. New allergens, or previously described allergens found in a new exposure context or of other current importance, are described in sections according to substance classes, e.g., metals, preservatives, fragrances. As a common finding in many investigations, a lack of information on product composition has been noted, for instance, regarding a newly described allergen in canvas shoes (dimethylthiocarbamylbenzothiazole sulfide) and, most notably, absence of co-operation from manufacturers of glucose-monitoring devices and insulin pumps, respectively. These latter devices have been shown to cause severe ACD in a considerable number of diabetic patients caused by the liberation of isobornyl acrylate and N,N’-dimethylacrylamide, respectively, as demonstrated by an international collaboration between dermatologists and chemists. Improved and complete ingredient labelling for all types of products, and not just as we have with cosmetics at present (apart from full listing of fragrance substances) in Europe, must be put on the legislative agenda.

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Myroxylon pereiraeresin (balsam of Peru) – A critical review of the literature and assessment of the significance of positive patch test reactions and the usefulness of restrictive diets

Cited by 52 publications

References 158 publications

Patch test results with the European baseline series and additions thereof in the ESSCA network, 2015‐2018

Patch test results with the European baseline series and additions thereof in the ESSCA network, 2015‐2018

Trends and current spectrum of contact allergy in Central Europe: results of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) 2007–2018*

Contact Allergy—Emerging Allergens and Public Health Impact

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