<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> lipids license TLR-4 for activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy to evoke a proinflammatory response

Luo, Hongyu; He, Jun; Qin, Lianmei; Chen, Y; Chen, L; Li, R; Zeng, Yanhua; Zhu, Chen; You, Xinru; Wu, Yimou

doi:10.1111/cei.13510

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Psoriasis is an autoimmune chronic skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes [ 1 ]. The amplification of dendritic cells and T-cells from the immune system releases various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines with simultaneous activation of growth factors together involve in the pathogenesis of psoriasis [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium nanoparticles produce a beneficial effect in psoriasis by reducing epidermal hyperproliferation and inflammation

et al. 2021

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Background Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. Wide treatment options used to treat psoriasis is associated with various adverse effects. To overcome this nanoformulation is prepared. Selenium is an essential trace element and plays major role in oxidation reduction system. Toxicity and stability limits the applications of selenium. Toxicity can be reduced and stabilized upon preparation into nanoparticles. Results Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) exhibit potent apoptosis through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with cell cycle arrest. SeNPs topical gel application produced significant attenuation of psoriatic severity with the abrogation of acanthosis and splenomegaly. SeNPs reduced the phosphorylation and expressions of MAPKs, STAT3, GSK-3β, Akt along with PCNA, Ki67, and cyclin-D1. Conclusion SeNPs inhibit various inflammation and proliferation mediated pathways and could be an ideal candidate for psoriasis therapy. Materials and methods SeNPs were characterized and various techniques were used to determine apoptosis and other molecular mechanisms. In vivo studies were performed by inducing psoriasis with imiquimod (IMQ). SeNPs were administered via topical route. Graphic Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium nanoparticles produce a beneficial effect in psoriasis by reducing epidermal hyperproliferation and inflammation

et al. 2021

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“… 34 Additionally, MP can activate the production of cellular tumor necrosis factor-α, a cytokine that both triggers and maintains the inflammatory response. 35 Moreover, mucus cell hypersecretion and goblet cell hyperplasia have been observed in the airways of MP - infected mice. 36 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 Additionally, MP can activate the production of cellular tumor necrosis factor-a, a cytokine that both triggers and maintains the inflammatory response. 35 Moreover, mucus cell hypersecretion and goblet cell hyperplasia have been observed in the airways of MPinfected mice. 36 Interestingly, in this study, the significantly different MP DNA load at enrollment between patients with refractory and non-refractory MPP 21 indicated that the MP DNA load is a risk factor of refractory MPP because of the direct injury caused by an increased MP load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutations in domain V of Mycoplasma pneumoniae 23S rRNA and clinical characteristics of pediatric M. pneumoniae pneumonia in Nanjing, China

Deng

Zhang

et al. 2021

J Int Med Res

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Objective To investigate the prevalence of mutations in domain V of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the clinical characteristics of pediatric MP pneumonia (MPP) in Nanjing, China. Methods Domain V of 23S rRNA was sequenced in MP strains collected from children diagnosed with MPP in Nanjing. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained. Results Among the 276 MP strains, 255 (92.39%) harbored mutations, primarily A2063G in domain V of MP 23S rRNA. When children were stratified according to the presence or absence of mutations, no significant differences were found in sex, age, the MP DNA load at enrollment, lymphocyte counts, pulmonary complications, immunomodulator levels, fever duration, the duration of fever after macrolide therapy, and hospital stay. The prevalence of refractory MPP in the two groups was similar. Children with refractory MPP exhibited higher MP DNA loads than those with non-refractory MPP. Conclusions Despite the high prevalence of the A2063G mutation in domain V of MP 23S rRNA, mutations were not associated with the clinical characteristics of MPP. The MP DNA load significantly differed between refractory and non-refractory MPP.

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“…Nonetheless, our current understanding of their biological effects is limited, hence lipids might possibly be TLR4 ligands. Our recent data also demonstrate that high concentrations of lipids could trigger the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in mouse macrophages via TLR4 [305]. Owing to the biochemical particularity of lipids, it is difficult to study their functions through gene knockout as done in vivo and in vitro, hence resulting in fewer lipids being functionally characterized.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Infection strategies of mycoplasmas: Unraveling the panoply of virulence factors

Chen

Qin

et al. 2021

Virulence

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Mycoplasmas, the smallest bacteria lacking a cell wall, can cause various diseases in both humans and animals. Mycoplasmas harbor a variety of virulence factors that enable them to overcome numerous barriers of entry into the host; using accessory proteins, mycoplasma adhesins can bind to the receptors or extracellular matrix of the host cell. Although the host immune system can eradicate the invading mycoplasma in most cases, a few sagacious mycoplasmas employ a series of invasion and immune escape strategies to ensure their continued survival within their hosts. For instance, capsular polysaccharides are crucial for anti-phagocytosis and immunomodulation. Invasive enzymes degrade reactive oxygen species, neutrophil extracellular traps, and immunoglobulins. Biofilm formation is important for establishing a persistent infection. During proliferation, successfully surviving mycoplasmas generate numerous metabolites, including hydrogen peroxide, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide; or secrete various exotoxins, such as communityacquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin, and hemolysins; and express various pathogenic enzymes, all of which have potent toxic effects on host cells. Furthermore, some inherent components of mycoplasmas, such as lipids, membrane lipoproteins, and even mycoplasmagenerated superantigens, can exert a significant pathogenic impact on the host cells or the immune system. In this review, we describe the proposed virulence factors in the toolkit of notorious mycoplasmas to better understand the pathogenic features of these bacteria, along with their pathogenic mechanisms.

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae lipids license TLR-4 for activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy to evoke a proinflammatory response

Cited by 40 publications

References 53 publications

Selenium nanoparticles produce a beneficial effect in psoriasis by reducing epidermal hyperproliferation and inflammation

Selenium nanoparticles produce a beneficial effect in psoriasis by reducing epidermal hyperproliferation and inflammation

Mutations in domain V of Mycoplasma pneumoniae 23S rRNA and clinical characteristics of pediatric M. pneumoniae pneumonia in Nanjing, China

Infection strategies of mycoplasmas: Unraveling the panoply of virulence factors

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