<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>Infection in Families

Balassanian, Neron; Robbins, Frederick C.

doi:10.1056/nejm196710052771401

Cited by 57 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although this outbreak of M. pneumoniae was initially identified in schools, households were found to be an important site of disease transmission. Forty-two percent of household contacts of a student with pneumonia also developed pneumonia, a rate of attack similar to the rates reported in 3 family studies of M. pneumoniae pneumonia from nearly 40 years ago [27,28,34]. Although transmission likely occurred in schools as well as within households, students were no more likely than their nonstudent siblings to have had pneumonia or to have visited a physician because of cough.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…In the few recent reports of such outbreaks, a variety of control measures have been attempted, including alerting health care providers of the outbreak and testing and treating symptomatic close contacts [19,23,26]. Our experience suggests that school-based interventions alone are unlikely to be sufficient in halting the transmission of M. pneumoniae, because transmission is typically highest in households [27,28] and may occur throughout the community. In addition, students may congregate outside of school, thereby reducing the effectiveness of school closures [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Longitudinal population-based serosurveys indicate that periods of increased incidence of M. pneumoniae infection occur approximately every 4 -7 years [15][16][17]. However, outbreaks of M. pneumoniae infection in open community settings are uncommonly reported [18 -26], and patterns of transmission noted during such outbreaks have not been described in detail in Ͼ30 years [27,28]. Community outbreaks of M. pneumoniae infection are associated with considerable morbidity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community Outbreak ofMycoplasma pneumoniaeInfection: School‐Based Cluster of Neurologic Disease Associated with Household Transmission of Respiratory Illness

et al. 2008

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community Outbreak ofMycoplasma pneumoniaeInfection: School‐Based Cluster of Neurologic Disease Associated with Household Transmission of Respiratory Illness

et al. 2008

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“…Transmission among household contacts typically precedes the recognition of a community-wide outbreak, and the majority of exposed individuals may be asymptomatic or have mild illness and not seek care (2,8). Nonetheless, severe disease involving multiple organs can occur and can lead to encephalitis and/or death (1,5,6,32,38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Macrolide Resistance inMycoplasma pneumoniaeby Real-Time PCR and High-Resolution Melt Analysis

Wolff

Thacker

Schwartz

et al. 2008

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

146

117

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a significant cause of community-acquired pneumonia, which is often empirically treated with macrolides or azalides such as erythromycin or azithromycin. Recent studies have discovered the existence of macrolide-resistant strains within the population that have been mapped to mutations within the domain V region of the 23S rRNA gene. Currently, identification of these resistant strains relies on timeconsuming and labor-intensive procedures such as restriction fragment length polymorphism, MIC studies, and sequence analysis. The current study reports two distinct real-time PCR assays that can detect the A2063G or A2064G base mutation (A2058G or A2059G by Escherichia coli numbering) conferring macrolide resistance. By subjecting the amplicon of the targeted domain V region of the 23S rRNA gene to a high-resolution melt curve analysis, macrolide-resistant strains can quickly be separated from susceptible strains. Utilizing this method, we screened 100 clinical isolates and found 5 strains to possess mutations conferring resistance. These findings were concordant with both sequencing and MIC data. This procedure was also used successfully to identify both susceptible and resistant genotypes in 23 patient specimens. These patient specimens tested positive for the presence of M. pneumoniae by a separate real-time PCR assay, although the bacteria could not be isolated by culture. This is the first report of a real-time PCR assay capable of detecting the dominant mutations that confer macrolide resistance on M. pneumoniae, and these assays may have utility in detecting resistant strains of other infectious agents. These assays may also allow for clinicians to select appropriate treatment options more rapidly and may provide a convenient method to conduct surveillance for genetic mutations conferring antibiotic resistance.Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a human respiratory pathogen that is responsible for approximately 20% of all communityacquired pneumonia (14,36,39). Transmission among household contacts typically precedes the recognition of a community-wide outbreak, and the majority of exposed individuals may be asymptomatic or have mild illness and not seek care (2, 8). Nonetheless, severe disease involving multiple organs can occur and can lead to encephalitis and/or death (1,5,6,32,38). Recent outbreaks of M. pneumoniae infections have established that this agent is capable of causing a significant amount of morbidity and occasional mortality in the community (1,18,38). Previous studies have demonstrated that in outbreaks associated with closed settings, such as schools and hospitals, implementing appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis treatment in a timely manner may shorten the course of the outbreak (12, 13). Because M. pneumoniae lacks a cell wall, infection is treated primarily with macrolide or azalide antibiotics such as erythromycin or azithromycin, although doxycycline and levofloxacin have also been used (4, 12, 13, 25). However, resistance to the macrolides and related azalides has been...

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“…Singular cases of acute psychosis with confusion and hallucinations in connection with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection have been described before in 10-to 12-year-old boys and girls (Balassanian & Robbins, 1967;Smith & Sangster, 1972). Complete recovery in a couple of weeks has been the rule.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Schizophreniform psychosis in a case of mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis

Gillberg

1980

J Autism Dev Disord

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A case of a 9-year-old girl with subacute schizophreniform psychosis following infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae is reported. A hasty--and faulty--etiological diagnosis of disturbed family interaction caused additional suffering in a situation in which worries were already overwhelming. A meticulous search for underlying organic background as well as for psychosocial factors is called for in every case of atypical schizophreniform psychosis.

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Mycoplasma pneumoniaeInfection in Families

Cited by 57 publications

References 13 publications

Community Outbreak ofMycoplasma pneumoniaeInfection: School‐Based Cluster of Neurologic Disease Associated with Household Transmission of Respiratory Illness

Community Outbreak ofMycoplasma pneumoniaeInfection: School‐Based Cluster of Neurologic Disease Associated with Household Transmission of Respiratory Illness

Detection of Macrolide Resistance inMycoplasma pneumoniaeby Real-Time PCR and High-Resolution Melt Analysis

Schizophreniform psychosis in a case of mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis

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