<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>and<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i>infections in children with pneumonia

Esposito, Susanna; Blasi, Francesco; Bellini, Federico; Allegra, L.; Principi, Nicola

doi:10.1183/09031936.01.17202410

Cited by 70 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…On the other hand, streptococcal pharyngitis also cannot be diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs or nonspecific laboratory findings [1]. In line with these findings, we have previously shown that, in children with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections, Mycoplasma pneumoniae cannot be predicted on the basis of the presenting manifestations or the leucocyte count, C-reactive protein level or erythrocyte sedimentation rate [7,14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The nasopharyngeal aspirates were evaluated by means of a nested PCR using previously described validated methods [7,12,13]. Acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was diagnosed if the patient had a significant antibody response to the pathogen in paired sera (IgM-specific antibody≥1:100 or a 4-fold increase in IgG antibody titre) and/or if the nasopharyngeal aspirates were PCR positive [7,8,14].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging Role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Children with Acute Pharyngitis

Esposito

Cavagna

Bosis

et al. 2002

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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In order to define the role, the risk factors, and the clinical and laboratory characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children with pharyngitis, 184 patients with acute non-streptococcal pharyngitis (102 males; median age, 5.33 years) were studied. Acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was demonstrated in 44 (23.9%) patients. A history of recurrent episodes of pharyngitis (defined as at least 3 acute episodes of pharyngitis in the 6 months preceding enrollment) appeared to be the more useful parameter for differentiating Mycoplasma pneumoniae pharyngitis from non-streptococcal non- Mycoplasma pneumoniae pharyngitis ( P<0.05 in multivariate analysis). These data, which highlight the emerging role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in acute pharyngitis, must be taken into account in the diagnosis and treatment of this clinical manifestation in children.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Children with Acute Pharyngitis

Esposito

Cavagna

Bosis

et al. 2002

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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“…Some validated commercial MIF kits [17,18] have been used by many clinical laboratories and researchers [11,17,[19][20][21]. Laboratorial diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection in our study was established on the basis of a significant and clear-cut antibody response by MIF test as reported [11] and recommended [5]; we use seroconversion as criterium of definite acute infection as others [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-acquired pneumonia by Chlamydophila pneumoniae: a clinical and incidence study in Brazil

Chedid¹,

Chedid²,

Ilha³

et al. 2007

Braz J Infect Dis

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As there was not any data on Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) infections in Brazil so far, a prospective cohort study of adult patients hospitalized due to CAP was carried out for one year in a Brazilian university general hospital to detect the incidence of CAP by Chlamydophila pneumoniae (TWAR) for one year. During a whole year 645 consecutive patients hospitalized due to an initial presumptive diagnosis of respiratory diseases by ICD-10 (J00-J99), excluding upper respiratory diseases, were screened; 59 consecutive patients with CAP were diagnosed. They had determinations of serum antibodies to C. pneumoniae by microimmunofluorescence at the Infectious Diseases Laboratory of University of Louisville (KY, USA); 37 patients (63.8%) had seroreactivity to TWAR antigens, from which 23 (39.6%) had previous infection; 3 patients (5.2%) were diagnosed with CAP by TWAR and got cured. The incidence of TWAR CAP in our hospital by seroconversion was 5.2%. Our incidence of 5.2% is probably underestimated since TWAR culture was not available; we suggest that Real-Time PCR be used along with other diagnostic methods in future studies to detect the actual incidence of TWAR CAP. We propose that the serological criterion of IgM ≥1:16 alone to the diagnosis of acute infection by TWAR are discontinued due a lack of specificity.

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“…pharyngitis, sinusitis, and otitis), central and lower airways (e.g. bronchitis, brochiolitis), as well as lung tissue (pneumonia) [6,8,10,21,38]. The phenomenon of chronicity and persistence, however, is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory airway diseases, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A clinically silent respiratory infection withChlamydophilaspp. in calves is associated with airway obstruction and pulmonary inflammation

et al. 2007

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-This study was aimed at evaluating functional and inflammatory consequences of persistent chlamydial infections on the respiratory system in clinically inconspicuous calves aged 2-7 months. Thirteen calves persistently infected with Chlamydophila (C.) abortus and/or C. pecorum (Chl+) were compared to 12 calves without chlamydial infections (Chl-). In order to evaluate lung function, 36 non-invasive impulse oscillometry tests were performed per animal within 6 months. The group of chronically infected animals was distinguished by significantly higher peripheral airway resistance (indicating peripheral airway obstruction), significantly higher respiratory rates, and significantly higher minute volumes of ventilation. At the age of seven months, all calves were necropsied, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained ex vivo, and lungs were examined histologically. Significantly higher concentrations of total protein and 8-iso-prostane (8-IP), as well as higher activities of matrix metalloprotease 2 were measured in BALF samples of Chl+ calves. Histologically, markedly activated bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) causing partial obstruction of bronchiolar lumina was found in the apical pulmonary lobes of Chl+ calves. Chlamydial DNA was detected in the lung tissue of 7 out of 13 Chl+ calves by real-time PCR. In conclusion, respiratory chlamydial infection appeared to be associated with chronic inflammation of the lungs and airways. Despite the lack of clinical symptoms, pulmonary dysfunctions persisted in calves until the age of seven months. Data obtained in this study provide new insight illustrating the impact of nearly ubiquitous subclinical infections on the respiratory system. Chlamydia / Chlamydophila infection / airway obstruction / pulmonary inflammation / calves

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Mycoplasma pneumoniaeandChlamydia pneumoniaeinfections in children with pneumonia

Cited by 70 publications

References 32 publications

Emerging Role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Children with Acute Pharyngitis

Emerging Role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Children with Acute Pharyngitis

Community-acquired pneumonia by Chlamydophila pneumoniae: a clinical and incidence study in Brazil

A clinically silent respiratory infection withChlamydophilaspp. in calves is associated with airway obstruction and pulmonary inflammation

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