Mycoplasma pneumoniaeandChlamydiaspp. Infection in Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Germany, 2011–2012

Dumke, Roger; Schnee, Christiane; Pletz, Mathias W.; Rupp, Jan; Jacobs, Enno; Sachse, Konrad; Rohde, Gernot; Group, CAPNETZ Study

doi:10.3201/eid2103.140927

Cited by 106 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The proportions of MLVA and P1 types were reported to vary among geographic regions, as has the prevalence of macrolide resistance-associated mutations (9)(10)(11)20,21). We also reported P1 types and the prevalence of macrolide resistance-associated mutations of M. pneumoniae isolates in Yamagata, Japan between 2004 and 2013 (22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Isolates between 2004 and 2014 in Yamagata, Japan: Change in Molecular Characteristics during an 11-year Period

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY:Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) typing was performed for Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains isolated between 2004 and 2014 in Yamagata, Japan. The results were examined by considering the combination of the P1 type and prevalence of macrolide resistanceassociated mutations. Four-locus (Mpn13-16) MLVA classified 347 strains into 9 MLVA types, including 3 major types: 3-5-6-2, 4-5-7-2, and 4-5-7-3. All type 3-5-6-2 strains (77 strains) were P1 type 2 variants (2a or 2c), while types 4-5-7-2 (181 strains) and 4-5-7-3 (75 strains) were P1 type 1. MLVA type 4-5-7-2 strains circulated and were dominant until 2010, accounting for 88.4 of the 121 strains isolated between 2004 and 2010. The prevalence of types 4-5-7-3 and 3-5-6-2 strains increased rapidly in 2011 and 2012, respectively, resulting in cocirculation of 3 MLVA types, including type 4-5-7-2, between 2011 and 2013. The prevalence of macrolide resistance-associated mutations in MLVA types 4-5-7-2, 4-5-7-3, and 3-5-6-2 strains was 59.7 (108 181), 25.3 (19 75), and 0 (0 77), respectively. Because the prevalence of macrolide resistance-associated mutations differed by current MLVA types in Yamagata, continued surveillance combined with molecular typing and identification of macrolide resistanceassociated mutations is necessary.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Isolates between 2004 and 2014 in Yamagata, Japan: Change in Molecular Characteristics during an 11-year Period

et al. 2017

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“…Therefore, an implication of Simkania in respiratory diseases, especially in children and young adults, cannot be ruled out and requires further investigations. Despite the questionable reliability of some of the older studies that did not include controls, cases of Simkania infection were identified even in recent studies, either as the only putative pathogen or with other organisms (Dumke et al, 2015;Fasoli et al, 2008;Heiskanen-Kosma et al, 2008;Nascimento-Carvalho et al, 2009). The identification of a few patients with either a specific Simkania-associated pneumonia or bronchiolitis suggests that it might be effectively a true pathogen and might be problematic in endemic regions.…”

Section: Future Challenges and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings are similar to what is observed for C. pneumoniae, whose pathogenic role is nevertheless commonly accepted. Recent studies reported a prevalence of C. pneumoniae infection of <2% in patients suffering from community acquired pneumonia (Dumke et al, 2015;Pletz et al, 2011;Senn et al, 2011;Wellinghausen et al, 2006). In addition, the correlation between serology and direct identification of C. pneumoniae through PCR is not good (Wellinghausen et al, 2006) and might be explained by a delay (2-3 weeks) in the apparition of IgM (Kuo et al, 1995).…”

Section: Future Challenges and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, using a specific quantitative PCR, Niemi et al could not identify any positive case of Simkania infection in 97 respiratory samples taken from adult patients with a suspected respiratory tract infection (Niemi et al, 2011). Similarly, only two samples from Swiss children with bronchiolitis were identified as positive for a Simkaniaceae infection by a validated pan-Chlamydiales quantitative PCR (Lienard et al, 2011a) and only one case of a co-infection with Simkania and C. psittaci was identified in a large German study investigating community acquired pneumonia (Dumke et al, 2015). This discrepancy between the results could either be due to differences in the reliability of the diagnostic techniques used or to geographical variations of the prevalence of the infection.…”

Section: Lessons From the Clinicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simkania negevensis, an insight into the biology and clinical importance of a novel member of the Chlamydiales order

Vouga

Baud

Greub

2016

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

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Simkania negevensis is a Chlamydia-related bacterium discovered in 1993 and represents the founding member of the Simkaniaceae family within the Chlamydiales order. As other Chlamydiales, it is an obligate intracellular bacterium characterized by a biphasic developmental cycle. Its similarities with the pathogenic Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae make it an interesting bacterium. So far, little is known about its biology, but S. negevensis harbors various microbiological characteristics of interest, including a strong association of the Simkania-containing vacuole with the ER and the presence of an intron in the 23S rRNA encoding gene. Evidence of human exposition has been reported worldwide. However, there is a lack of robust clinical studies evaluating its implication in human diseases; current data suggest an association with pneumonia and bronchiolitis making S. negevensis a potential emerging pathogen. Owing to its fastidious growth requirements, the clinical relevance of S. negevensis is probably underestimated. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on S. negevensis and explore future research challenges. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…The cell wall-less bacterium causes infections of the respiratory tract, including severe interstitial pneumonia (1), and usually accounts for 5 to 10% of all cases of community-acquired pneumonia among pediatric (2) and adult (3) patients. Because of the timedependent incidence of infections, Ͼ25% of pneumonia cases in epidemic periods are attributed to this agent (4). In addition, a number of extrapulmonary manifestations and complications are described, affecting mainly the skin and the central nervous system (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Network of Surface-Displayed Glycolytic Enzymes in Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Their Interactions with Human Plasminogen

et al. 2016

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In different bacteria, primarily cytosolic and metabolic proteins are characterized as surface localized and interacting with different host factors. These moonlighting proteins include glycolytic enzymes, and it has been hypothesized that they influence the virulence of pathogenic species. The presence of surface-displayed glycolytic enzymes and their interaction with human plasminogen as an important host factor were investigated in the genome-reduced and cell wall-less microorganism Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a common agent of respiratory tract infections of humans. After successful expression of 19 glycolytic enzymes and production of polyclonal antisera, the localization of proteins in the mycoplasma cell was characterized using fractionation of total proteins, colony blot, mild proteolysis and immunofluorescence of M. pneumoniae cells. Eight glycolytic enzymes, pyruvate dehydrogenases A to C (PdhA-C), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapA), lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh), phosphoglycerate mutase (Pgm), pyruvate kinase (Pyk), and transketolase (Tkt), were confirmed as surface expressed and all are able to interact with plasminogen. Plasminogen bound to recombinant proteins PdhB, GapA, and Pyk was converted to plasmin in the presence of urokinase plasminogen activator and plasmin-specific substrate D-valyl-leucyl-lysine-p-nitroanilide dihydrochloride. Furthermore, human fibrinogen was degraded by the complex of plasminogen and recombinant protein PdhB or Pgm. In addition, surface-displayed proteins (except PdhC) bind to human lung epithelial cells, and the interaction was reduced significantly by preincubation of cells with antiplasminogen. Our results suggest that plasminogen binding and activation by different surface-localized glycolytic enzymes of M. pneumoniae may play a role in successful and long-term colonization of the human respiratory tract. Members of the class Mollicutes are known to be the smallest and simplest self-replicating prokaryotes. Among them, Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common pathogen in humans. The cell wall-less bacterium causes infections of the respiratory tract, including severe interstitial pneumonia (1), and usually accounts for 5 to 10% of all cases of community-acquired pneumonia among pediatric (2) and adult (3) patients. Because of the timedependent incidence of infections, Ͼ25% of pneumonia cases in epidemic periods are attributed to this agent (4). In addition, a number of extrapulmonary manifestations and complications are described, affecting mainly the skin and the central nervous system (5).Due to the greatly reduced genome of M. pneumoniae (816 kbp, 689 open reading frames [ORFs]), the metabolic pathways and the repertoire of virulence factors are limited (6). However, M. pneumoniae has developed effective strategies to infect humans and allow long-term survival in the respiratory mucosa. These include the targeted adherence of the bacteria to epithelial cells via a specialized complex of adhesins and adhesion-related proteins (7) as the first step in colonization,...

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Mycoplasma pneumoniaeandChlamydiaspp. Infection in Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Germany, 2011–2012

Abstract: M. pneumoniae infections showed a strong epidemic peak, but Chlamydia spp. were consistently detected throughout the year.

Cited by 106 publications

References 39 publications

Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Isolates between 2004 and 2014 in Yamagata, Japan: Change in Molecular Characteristics during an 11-year Period

Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Isolates between 2004 and 2014 in Yamagata, Japan: Change in Molecular Characteristics during an 11-year Period

Simkania negevensis, an insight into the biology and clinical importance of a novel member of the Chlamydiales order

Network of Surface-Displayed Glycolytic Enzymes in Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Their Interactions with Human Plasminogen

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