Mycoplasma genitalium infection among HIV-positive women: prevalence, risk factors and association with vaginal shedding

Abstract

Summary: This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) infection among HIV-positive women and the association between MG and vaginal HIV-1 RNA shedding. HIV-positive women attending an outpatient clinic in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, from 2002 to 2005 were examined for a battery of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and underwent a behavioural survey. A selected subset had a measurement of vaginal shedding analysed. Of the 324 HIV-positive women, 32 (9.9%) were infected with MG. HIV-positive women with MG were more likely to be co-infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis and to have had ≥1 male sexual partners in the last month. In the subset (n = 164), no differences were found in the presence of detectable vaginal HIV-1 RNA between women infected and not infected with MG (30.8% versus 34.8% shedding; P = 0.69). While MG was a common co-STI in this sample of HIV-positive women, it was not associated with vaginal HIV shedding.

Mycoplasma genitalium Infection Prevalence in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

“…2,19 The education level of subjects with positive M. genitalium infection was similar between high school and academic or university graduates. In contrast to this study, Gatski et al 10 found that most of the subjects with positive PCR result for M. genitalium were less educated or equivalent to high school graduates (72%). Pe'pin et al 20 discovered a significant association between M. genitalium infection in Female Sex Worker (FSWs) in West Africa with the level of education from no formal education to elementary school.…”

“…It was found by da Costa et al 13 that the average age of subjects with positive M. genitalium in HIV positive males was 43 years old. Gatski et al 10 revealed that the average age of the HIV positive females subjects who were positive for M. genitalium was less than 35 years old, which were the sexually active population. Another study conducted by Anagrius et al 16 The education level of subjects with positive M. genitalium infection was similar between high school and academic or university graduates.…”

“…However, the results showed no statistically significant difference in the frequency of M. genitalium infection in HIV positive and HIV negative patients. 14 Gatski et al 10 in 2011 revealed that the prevalence of M. genitalium was 10% in HIV positive females in an HIV Clinic in New Orleans, the United States, with samples taken from the cervix. In the study by Martinelli et al 12 it was found that the prevalence of M. genitalium was significantly higher statistically in males with AIDS (56%) compared to HIV positive patients (10%) and the normal population (7%).…”

“…Studies among HIV positive patients in several clinics in Italy, Brazil, United States, and India have found that the prevalence rates of M. genitalium vary between 1% and 10%. 10,[12][13][14][15] There is no data on the prevalence M. genitalium in HIV positive patients in Indonesia, especially in West Java. The examination and treatment of M. genitalium infection in high-risk populations should be investigated as a potential strategy to prevent HIV.…”

“…Three subjects who were M. genitalium positive always use condoms and four M. genitalium positive subjects never use any condom. In a study performed by Gatski et al, 10 from 32 HIV positive females with positive M. genitalium, most of them used condom in the last vaginal intercourse (78%). Research conducted by Anagrius et al 16 found that the use of condoms cannot protect individuals against M. genitalium infection significantly.…”