<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> extracellular vesicles: exploitation for vaccine technology and diagnostic methods

Mohammadzadeh, Roghayeh; Ghazvini, Kiarash; Farsiani, Hadi; Soleimanpour, Saman

doi:10.1080/1040841x.2020.1830749

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…EVs also have the promise to be cell-free vaccines [ 95 , 96 ]. A vaccine is a biological product containing antigens that are used to stimulate the body’s immune response and provide protection against infection and/or disease [ 97 ].…”

Section: Therapeutic Value Of Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Production of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Therapeutic Values: A Review

Kee

Al-Masawa

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minute vesicles with lipid bilayer membranes. EVs are secreted by cells for intercellular communication. Recently, EVs have received much attention, as they are rich in biological components such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins that play essential roles in tissue regeneration and disease modification. In addition, EVs can be developed as vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases, as the vesicle membrane has an abundance of antigenic determinants and virulent factors. EVs for therapeutic applications are typically collected from conditioned media of cultured cells. However, the number of EVs secreted by the cells is limited. Thus, it is critical to devise new strategies for the large-scale production of EVs. Here, we discussed the strategies utilized by researchers for the scalable production of EVs. Techniques such as bioreactors, mechanical stimulation, electrical stimulation, thermal stimulation, magnetic field stimulation, topographic clue, hypoxia, serum deprivation, pH modification, exposure to small molecules, exposure to nanoparticles, increasing the intracellular calcium concentration, and genetic modification have been used to improve the secretion of EVs by cultured cells. In addition, nitrogen cavitation, porous membrane extrusion, and sonication have been utilized to prepare EV-mimetic nanovesicles that share many characteristics with naturally secreted EVs. Apart from inducing EV production, these upscaling interventions have also been reported to modify the EVs’ cargo and thus their functionality and therapeutic potential. In summary, it is imperative to identify a reliable upscaling technique that can produce large quantities of EVs consistently. Ideally, the produced EVs should also possess cargo with improved therapeutic potential.

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Section: Therapeutic Value Of Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Production of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Therapeutic Values: A Review

Kee

Al-Masawa

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…[170,179] The cargo/gene is not conveyed inside of the bacteria, but instead lingers on the surface tethered to nanoparticles. [139,[179][180][181] As a result, this method does not call for bacterial disintegration or gene manipulation for delivery [182][183][184] of distinct payload. This system can carry several more copies of a specific cargo with a single bacterium.…”

Section: Tumor Homing Bacteria-assisted Delivery Of Nanotherapeutic C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[162] Due to several physiological hurdles during the infection process, oral DNA vaccination facilitated by live attenuated bacteria frequently has limited infection efficacy. [162,184,192] Enhanced phagosomal egress and increased acid tolerance are primary prerequisites for oral DNA vaccine administration to appropriately regulate an anticancer immune response. [192] Cationic polymers (CPs) are emerging components of nonviral gene delivery vehicles because they can dynamically bind to DNA (or even other nucleic acids) to create nanoscale polymer/DNA complexes (polyplexes) via electrostatic interactions.…”

Section: Nanoparticles Hitchhiked On Probiotic Bacteria For Cancer Im...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Hitchhiking in Cancer Therapeutics—A Review

Padmakumar

Koyande

Rengan

2022

Advanced Therapeutics

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Hitchhiking is a phenomenon of cruising on surfaces. Inspired by this process, biomimetic delivery systems leveraging the intrinsic ability of circulatory cells to target tumors exhibit considerable potential in cancer theranostics. Besides human circulatory cell‐mediated hitchhiking, bacteria‐driven hitchhiking strategies also manifest promise in cancer therapy. Such tactics are primarily built using nonpathogenic invasive bacteria with tumor homing capabilities. The chemotherapeutic cargos are hitchhiked onto the circulatory cells or bacterial spores for tumor‐targeted delivery. By integrating the benefits of such cells and therapeutic cargo, numerous efficient delivery systems that implement the notion of hitchhiking for cancer therapy are generated. Following an overview of several hitchhiking concepts, this article reviews various cellular and bacterial hitchhiking approaches for cancer treatment. Additionally, the challenges and prospects in the field of cancer theranostics related to hitchhiking are also discussed.

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“…EVs have been proposed as vaccines because of their ability to stimulate macrophages and induce antigen-specific memory (40)(41)(42). Additionally, macrophage activation causes increased resistance to Lm infection (43).…”

Section: Tev-mediated Stimulation Of Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Listeria monocytogenesInfection Alters Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Trophoblast Stem Cells to Confer a Pro-Inflammatory State

Kaletka

Lee

Kanada

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Placental immunity is critical for fetal health during pregnancy, as invading pathogens can be transmitted from the maternal blood to the fetus through this organ. However, inflammatory responses in the placenta can adversely affect both the fetus and the pregnant mother, and the balance between protective placental immune response and detrimental inflammation is poorly understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed vesicles that play a critical role in placental immunity. EVs produced by placental trophoblasts mediate immune tolerance to the fetus and to the placenta itself, but these EVs can also activate detrimental inflammatory responses. The regulation of these effects is not well-characterized, and the role of trophoblast EVs (tEVs) in the response to infection has yet to be defined. The Gram-positive bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infects the placenta, serving as a model to study tEV function in this context. We investigated the effect of Lm infection on the production and function of tEVs, using a trophoblast stem cell (TSCs) model. We found that tEVs from infected TSCs were immunostimulatory, activating macrophages to a pro-inflammatory state. Surprisingly, this activation made RAW 264.7 macrophages more susceptible to subsequent Lm infection. Increased susceptibility to infection has not previously been reported as an effect of EVs. Proteomic analysis and RNA sequencing revealed that tEVs from infected TSCs had altered cargo compared to those from uninfected TSCs. Together, these results suggest an immunomodulatory role for tEVs during prenatal infection.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis extracellular vesicles: exploitation for vaccine technology and diagnostic methods

Cited by 20 publications

References 210 publications

Scalable Production of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Therapeutic Values: A Review

Scalable Production of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Therapeutic Values: A Review

The Role of Hitchhiking in Cancer Therapeutics—A Review

Listeria monocytogenesInfection Alters Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Trophoblast Stem Cells to Confer a Pro-Inflammatory State

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