<i>Mycobacterium</i>: Laboratory Characteristics of Slowly Growing Mycobacteria

Pfyffer, Gaby E.; Palicova, Frantiska

doi:10.1128/9781555816728.ch29

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…In contrast, the prevalence of MOTT species is reported to have risen in Canada and several European countries. Among MOTT species, the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most frequently isolated (25). In addition, the rate of isolation of MAC strains equals or surpasses the rate of isolation of MTBC strains in some parts of the United States due to the HIV epidemic (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Distribution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Clinical Isolates from 2007 to 2010 in Turkey: a Prospective Study

et al. 2011

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The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) consists of a group of closely related species that differ in their epidemiological profiles, host ranges, pathogenicities, geographic distributions, and drug resistances. Identification of members in the MTBC is essential for monitoring the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) and implementing appropriate public health control measures. In this study, 188 consecutive MTBC clinical isolates from 2007 to 2010 were evaluated to determine the prevalence of MTBC species in Turkey. PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) of the gyrB gene were used, and results for species other than M. tuberculosis were confirmed using the GenoType MTBC assay (Hain Lifescience, Nehren, Germany). Most of the strains were found to be M. tuberculosis (94.1%). The prevalences of M. bovis and M. caprae were 4.3% and 1.6%, respectively. Only one M. bovis BCG strain was identified. Overall, the frequency of bovine tuberculosis in humans was 5.3%. We had assumed that bovine TB infection was under control in animal herds, but primary M. bovis infections in humans caused by transmission from infected animals are still an issue in Turkey. Our results indicate that the frequent identification of M. bovis in routine mycobacteriological laboratory work has further importance due to the well-known resistance of this species to pyrazinamide.The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) consists of a group of closely related Mycobacterium species, including M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. microti, and M. caprae. These species are the primary cause of tuberculosis in humans, and they also infect wild and domesticated animals. The close interrelatedness of these species has been demonstrated by DNA-DNA hybridization, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes and the 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacers (12,16).However, the epidemiology, host range, pathogenicity, geographic distribution, and drug resistance of these species are quite different (12,16,22). Different species display different phenotypic characteristics according to conventional biochemical tests. Because differentiation of species in the MTBC by these methods is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and dependent on sufficient bacterial growth, these tests may not be performed routinely in every laboratory (19,23). Therefore, various molecular methods have been used for differentiation, such as DNA sequencing (i.e., gyrB and hsp65) and PCR amplification of regions of differences (RDs) or spoligotyping (9,11,26,29,30). Although they are rapid and more accurate than the conventional methods, such procedures usually require specialized molecular laboratories and technical experience (22,26,29).In this study, our goal was to determine the distribution of consecutive MTBC isolates at the species level from 2007 to 2010 in one of the largest research and training hospitals in Istanbul. We also wished to investigate the current status of bovine tuberculosis in Turkey. To our kn...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Distribution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Clinical Isolates from 2007 to 2010 in Turkey: a Prospective Study

et al. 2011

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“…The sensitivity detection of ZN staining microscopy analysis can be as low as 5 × 10 3 AFBs/mL and detection proficiency may be between 22% to 80% of culture positive respiratory specimen 10,11. Previous studies have shown that using > 5 mL of a sputum sample increased detection sensitivity by 3-fold AFBs/mL, in contrast to processed/concentrated sputum samples (1 × 10 3 :1 × 10 6 AFB/mL) 39.…”

Section: Microscopy Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slowly-growing Mycobacterium (SGM) require more than 7 days for visible growth, as opposed to rapidly-growing Mycobacterium (RGM) which requires < 7 days when grown on Löwenstein-Jensen (L~J) medium. However, the RGM may require > 1 week if grown from clinical specimens 10,11. In healthy adults, tuberculosis progression is generally slow.…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples are taken from potential patients after clinical manifestations are confirmed by chest X-rays, except for the HIV infected and elderly patients that do not show typical pulmonary clinical features 10,11,37. Conventionally, 3 sputum samples collected from persistent coughing patients are processed to ensure a sufficient number of bacilli 37,38.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of M Tuberculosis From Clinical Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Update on Global Tuberculosis (TB)

et al. 2013

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Tuberculosis globally results in almost 2 million human deaths annually, with 1 in 4 deaths from tuberculosis being human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)-related. Primarily a pathogen of the respiratory system, aerobic Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infects the lungs via the inhalation of infected aerosol droplets generated by people with pulmonary disease through coughing. This review focuses on M. tuberculosis transmission, epidemiology, detection methods and technologies.

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“…Infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are common opportunistic diseases in immunocompromised patients, especially those with AIDS [2,3]. Anti-TB drugs are often ineffective against NTM infection.…”

Section: Tuberculosis (Tb) Is Caused By Mycobacterium Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Peptide Nucleic Acid Probe-Based Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for the Detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosisComplex and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Clinical Respiratory Specimens

Lee

Kim

et al. 2015

Ann Clin Microbiol

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Background: Tuberculosis is globally the most important cause of death from single pathogen. Rapid and accurate identification of mycobacteria is essential for the control of tuberculosis. We evaluated a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes for the differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in direct smears of sputum specimens. Methods: The cross-reactivity of MTB-and NTM-specific PNA probes was examined with reference strains of M. tuberculosis ATCC 13950, Mycobacterium kansasii ATCC 12479, Mycobacterium fortuitum ATCC 6841, several clinical isolates of mycobacteria (Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium gordonae and Mycobacterium chelonae), and 11 frequently isolated respiratory bacterial species other than mycobacteria. A series of 128 sputa (89 MTB culture positive, 29 NTM culture positive, and 10 under treatment culture negative) with grades of trace to 4+ were used to evaluate the performance of the method. Results: The MTB-and NTM-specific PNA probes showed specific reactions with the reference strains of MTB and M. kansasii and clinical isolates of mycobacteria except M. fortuitum ATCC 6841, and no cross-reactivity with other tested bacteria. The PNA probe-based FISH assay for detection of MTB had a sensitivity and specificity of 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the NTM-specific PNA probe was 100%. The smear grades of the PNA FISH test were same as with those of the fluorescence AFB stain in 2+ or higher grade. Conclusion: Detection and differentiation based on PNA FISH is sensitive and accurate for detecting mycobacteria and for differentiating MTB from NTM in clinical sputum smears. (Ann Clin Microbiol 2015;18:37-43)

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Mycobacterium: Laboratory Characteristics of Slowly Growing Mycobacteria

Cited by 8 publications

References 143 publications

Species Distribution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Clinical Isolates from 2007 to 2010 in Turkey: a Prospective Study

Species Distribution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Clinical Isolates from 2007 to 2010 in Turkey: a Prospective Study

An Update on Global Tuberculosis (TB)

Evaluation of Peptide Nucleic Acid Probe-Based Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for the Detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosisComplex and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Clinical Respiratory Specimens

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