<i>Mycobacterium</i>
            and the Seduction of the Macrophage

Russell, David G.

doi:10.1002/9781444311433.ch19

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Alternatively, the production of a truncated Ada protein may constitutively activate adaptive responses, as has been demonstrated in E. coli [15]. In particular, it may provide an improved response to stress in vivo , for instance in the phagosome of activated macrophages [16]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A non-sense mutation in the putative anti-mutator gene ada/alkA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis isolates suggests convergent evolution

et al. 2007

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Background: Previous studies have suggested that variations in DNA repair genes of W-Beijing strains may have led to transient mutator phenotypes which in turn may have contributed to host adaptation of this strain family. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the DNA repair gene mutT1 was identified in MDR-prone strains from the Central African Republic. A Mycobacteriumtuberculosis H37Rv mutant inactivated in two DNA repair genes, namely ada/alkA and ogt, was shown to display a hypermutator phenotype. We then looked for polymorphisms in these genes in Central African Republic strains (CAR).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A non-sense mutation in the putative anti-mutator gene ada/alkA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis isolates suggests convergent evolution

et al. 2007

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“…Survival and growth in human monocytes and macrophages are major factors in the success of M. tuberculosis as a pathogen (Russell, 1999). Therefore, a mobile promoter, responsive to the macrophage environment, provides a mechanism for generating variants with potentially advantageous phenotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IS6110 functions as a mobile, monocyte‐activated promoter in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Safi¹,

Barnes

Lakey

et al. 2004

Molecular Microbiology

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SummaryThe mobile insertion sequence, IS 6110 , is an important marker in tracking of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Here, we demonstrate that IS 6110 can upregulate downstream genes through an outward-directed promoter in its 3¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ end, thus adding to the significance of this element. Promoter activity was orientation dependent and was localized within a 110 bp fragment adjacent to the right terminal inverted repeat. Transcripts from this promoter, named OP6110, begin ª ª ª ª 85 bp upstream of the 3¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ end of IS 6110 . Use of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression constructs showed that OP6110 was upregulated in M. tuberculosis during growth in human monocytes and in late growth phases in broth. Analysis of natural insertion sites in M. tuberculosis showed that IS 6110 upregulated expression of several downstream genes during growth in human monocytes, including Rv2280 in H37Rv and the PE-PGRS gene, Rv1468c, in the clinical strain 210, which is a member of the Beijing family. Transcription between IS 6110 and downstream genes was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The ability to activate genes during infection suggests that IS 6110 has the potential to influence growth characteristics of different strains, and indicates another mechanism by which IS 6110 can impact M. tuberculosis evolution.

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“…M. avium is also able to enter and reside inside macrophages (25). Other rapidly growing saprophytic mycobacteria, such as M. smegmatis, are unable to maintain a long-term infection inside macrophages (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Precursor rRNA Fractions of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria: Quantification by Methods That Include the Use of a Promoter ( rrnA P1) as a Novel Standard

et al. 2005

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Mycobacterial species are able to control rRNA production through variations in the number and strength of promoters controlling their rrn operons. Mycobacterium chelonae and M. fortuitum are members of the rapidly growing mycobacterial group. They carry a total of five promoters each, encoded, respectively, by one and two rrn operons per genome. Quantification of precursor rrn transcriptional products (pre-rrn) has allowed detection of different promoter usage during cell growth. Bacteria growing in several culture media with different nutrient contents were compared. Balanced to stationary phases were analyzed. Most promoters were found to be used at different levels depending on the stage of bacterial growth and the nutrient content of the culture medium. Some biological implications are discussed. Sequences of the several promoters showed motifs that could be correlated to their particular level of usage. A product corresponding to the first rrnA promoter in both species, namely, rrnA P1, was found to contribute at a low and near-constant level to pre-rRNA synthesis, regardless of the culture medium used and the stage of growth analyzed. This product was used as a standard to quantitate rRNA gene expression by real-time PCR when M. fortuitum infected macrophages. It was shown that this bacterium actively synthesizes rRNA during the course of infection and that one of its rrn operons is preferentially used under such conditions.

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Mycobacterium and the Seduction of the Macrophage

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

A non-sense mutation in the putative anti-mutator gene ada/alkA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis isolates suggests convergent evolution

A non-sense mutation in the putative anti-mutator gene ada/alkA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis isolates suggests convergent evolution

IS6110 functions as a mobile, monocyte‐activated promoter in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Analysis of the Precursor rRNA Fractions of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria: Quantification by Methods That Include the Use of a Promoter ( rrnA P1) as a Novel Standard

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