Mycobacterium barrassiae sp. nov., a Mycobacterium moriokaense Group Species Associated with Chronic Pneumonia

Abstract

Three identical isolates of new rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) were recovered from the bronchial aspirate and sputum from a 49-year-old woman presenting with lung lesions. The case met the American Thoracic Society criteria for the diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. The three isolates grew in 3 days at 24 to 42°C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the sequences of the isolates were identical and shared 99.7% and 98.1% similarities with those of Mycobacterium moriokaense and Mycobacterium gadium, respectively. Partial 723-bp rpoB sequence analyses indicated that the sequences of the isolates shared 95.8% and 92.3% similarities with those of M. moriokaense and M. gadium, respectively. Polyphasic identification (including biochemical tests; antimicrobial susceptibility profiling; and hsp65, recA, and sodA gene sequence analyses, as well as G؉C content determination and cell wall fatty acid composition analysis) supported the evidence that these isolates were representative of a new species. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the close relationships of the isolates with M. moriokaense and the defined M. moriokaense group. These isolates were susceptible to the antimicrobials currently recommended for the treatment of RGM infections. These isolates differed from M. moriokaense by their susceptibility to vancomycin. We propose the name Mycobacterium barrassiae sp. nov. for this new species. The type strain is N7 T (CIP 108545 T and CCUG 50398 T ).It has become apparent that the bacterial genus Mycobacterium is more diverse than was previously realized and includes an increasing number of emerging pathogens, as depicted by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (36). Among the rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), the species most commonly recovered from patients belong to the Mycobacterium chelonae-Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium mucogenicum, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium mageritense, Mycobacterium wolinskyi, and Mycobacterium smegmatis groups (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10,11,31,43,44). Rarely encountered species include Mycobacterium novocastrense, which is responsible for cutaneous infections (33); Mycobacterium hodleri, which causes opportunistic infections in the course of rheumatoid arthritis (40); Mycobacterium neoaurum, which was isolated from a patient with catheter-related bacteremia (46); Mycobacterium flavescens, which caused a disseminated infection in a probable case of chronic granulomatous disease (8); and Mycobacterium thermoresistible, which was responsible for an infection following kneereplacement surgery (20). Other species were isolated from human samples, such as Mycobacterium hassiacum from urine (32); Mycobacterium elephantis from the sputum and granulomatous tissue of an axillary lymph node (26,37,39); Mycobacterium doricum from cerebrospinal fluid (38); Mycobacterium brumae from sputum and a case of catheter-related bacteremia (21,22); Mycobacterium brisbanense from the antral sinus (31); Mycobacterium confluentis from sputum (17); Mycobacterium holsaticum from sputum,...

Prevalence and diversity of Chlamydiales and other amoeba-resisting bacteria in domestic drinking water systems

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