Mycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisDetection in Individual and Bulk Tank Milk Samples from Bovine Herds and Caprine Flocks

Abstract

Paratuberculosis, or Johne's disease, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), and it generates great economic losses for the dairy industry worldwide. In humans, Map has been associated with Crohn's disease. Mexico has unknown paratuberculosis prevalence, and yet, control programs have not been applied. This study aimed to determine the presence of Map in milk samples from seropositive goats and cows and bulk tank milk samples from herds previously designated Map-infected using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Map DNA was detected in 100% of the bulk tank milk samples of 14 bovine herds and 3 caprine flocks using a modified insertion sequence 900 polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Additionally, Map DNA was detected in 100% of the individual milk samples from 10 cows and 8 goats. Further, based on the findings of the experimental insertion sequence 900 PCR assessment, evaluation of bulk tank and individual milk samples through a type-specific PCR was performed, which confirmed our previous findings and revealed that 56.25% cow and 63.63% goat milk had concurrent infections of the C, I, and S types. Out of 14 bulk tank milk samples, 10 had viable mycobacteria. Paratuberculosis was detected at a high frequency in cow and goat milk, which suggests that raw milk ingestion represents a potential risk of Map infection.

Ovine Paratuberculosis: A Seroprevalence Study in Dairy Flocks Reared in the Marche Region, Italy

“…People are exposed to MAP by direct contact with infected material and in retail milk supplies [17]. Ruminant milk has been described as a potential source through which human beings could be infected [18, 19]. Viable MAP has been isolated from milk and colostrum of clinically and subclinically infected cows [20], and infection of the mammary gland has been documented in small ruminants [21].…”

The herd-level prevalence of antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the Gyeonggi and Chungbuk of Korea, as detected by bulk tank milk ELISA

“…This result is similar to other recent estimates of herd-level MAP prevalence in other countries. For instance, ELISA studies of BTM samples collected in Spain showed that 9.2% of the samples were positive (Boadella et al, 2010), while studies in Mexico that employed indirect ELISAs found that MAP prevalence ranged between 8.0% and 24.07% in the dairy herds and 8.29% and 9.67% in the caprine flocks examined in the study (Favila-Humara et al, 2010). Sero-prevalence of MAP has been detected in dairy cattle throughout South Korea (Lee and Jung, 2009;Park et al, 2006).…”

Retrospective seroepidemiological study of small ruminant lentivirus, paratuberculosis and brucellosis in goats from Mexico, based on multiplex assay

“…However, in other studies in which ELISA was used, the seroprevalence was higher (Fávila et al, 2009(Fávila et al, , 2010Toledo et al, 2010;Gallaga et al, 2017).…”