MULTI-FLORET SPIKELET1, Which Encodes an AP2/ERF Protein, Determines Spikelet Meristem Fate and Sterile Lemma Identity in Rice

Ren, Deyong; Li, Yunfeng; Zhao, Fangming; Sang, Xianchun; Shi, Jianxin; Wang, Nan; Guo, Shan; Ling, Yinghua; Zhang, Changwei; Yang, Zhenglin; He, Guanghua

doi:10.1104/pp.113.216044

Cited by 102 publications

(110 citation statements)

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“…Mutations in genes such as LHS1, DP1, OPEN BEAK (OPB)/ STAMENLESS1 (SL1), MOSAIC FLORAL ORGAN1 (MFO1), MULTI-FLORET SPIKELET1 (MFS1) and RETARDED PALEA1 (REP1) (Jeon et al, 2000;Jin et al, 2011;Ohmori et al, 2009;Ren et al, 2013;Yuan et al, 2009) that regulate the development of non-floral spikelet organs cause morphological alterations in various spikelet organs, including the floral organs. In addition, LHS1, MFO1 and MFS1 seem to be associated with meristem function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A role for TRIANGULAR HULL1 in fine-tuning spikelet morphogenesis in rice

et al. 2014

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The lemma and palea, which enclose the pistil, stamens, and lodicules, are the most conspicuous organs in the rice spikelet. We isolated a mutant line (ng6569) in which the lemma and palea were narrower than those of the wild type, and found that the mutant had a defect in TRIANGULAR HULL1 (TH1), which encodes a nuclear protein with an ALOG domain. Detailed morphological analysis indicated that the th1 mutation caused a reduction in the size of tubercles, which are convex structures on the surface of the lemma and palea. This reduction was more pronounced in the apical region of the lemma than in the basal region, resulting in the formation of a beak-like spikelet. By contrast, the number of tubercle rows and their spatial distribution on the lemma were not affected in the th1 mutant. Thus, the TH1 gene seems to be involved in fine-tuning the morphogenesis of the lemma and palea. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that TH1 was highly expressed in the primordia of the lemma and palea, but only weakly expressed in the primordia of the sterile lemma and rudimentary glume. We then examined the effect of th1 mutation on the lemma-like structure formed in the long sterile lemma/glume1 (g1) and extra glume1 (eg1) mutants. The result showed that the th1 mutation strongly affected the morphology of the extra lemma of eg1, but had no significant effect on the transformed lemma of g1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A role for TRIANGULAR HULL1 in fine-tuning spikelet morphogenesis in rice

et al. 2014

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“…In the fzp mutant, axillary meristems (AMs) are formed instead of FMs, and these then develop into higher-order branches (1). Three genes that encode members of the AP2/ERF superfamily, SUPERNUMERARY BRACT (SNB), INDETERMINATE SPIKELET 1 (OsIDS1), and MULTI-FLORETS SPIKELET 1 (MFS1), are involved in regulating spikelet determinacy in rice (2,3). In these mutants, the transition from SM to FM is delayed, and extra organs or florets are produced.…”

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confidence: 99%

LATERAL FLORET 1 induced the three-florets spikelet in rice

Zhang

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The spikelet is a unique inflorescence structure in grass. The molecular mechanisms behind the development and evolution of the spikelet are far from clear. In this study, a dominant rice mutant, lateral florets 1 (lf1), was characterized. In the lf1 spikelet, lateral floral meristems were promoted unexpectedly and could generally blossom into relatively normal florets. LF1 encoded a class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP III) protein, and the site of mutation in lf1 was located in a putative miRNA165/166 target sequence. Ectopic expression of both LF1 and the meristem maintenance gene OSH1 was detected in the axil of the sterile lemma primordia of the lf1 spikelet. Furthermore, the promoter of OSH1 could be bound directly by LF1 protein. Collectively, these results indicate that the mutation of LF1 induces ectopic expression of OSH1, which results in the initiation of lateral meristems to generate lateral florets in the axil of the sterile lemma. This study thus offers strong evidence in support of the "three-florets spikelet" hypothesis in rice.lateral floret | three-florets spikelet | evolution | yield | rice F lower development is a key process in the reproduction of angiosperms. Under suitable conditions, flowering signals are transmitted to shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which are transformed first into inflorescence meristems (IMs). Floral meristems (FMs) are then initiated on the top and/or lateral domains of the IMs and subsequently transformed into the four whorls of floral organs. The spikelet is a unique unit of inflorescence architecture in grasses and consists of a pair of glumes and a fixed or variable number of florets. Some grassspecific genes are involved in regulating spikelet development. For example, FRIZZY PANICLE (FZP) functions in regulating spikelet meristem (SM) identity in rice. In the fzp mutant, axillary meristems (AMs) are formed instead of FMs, and these then develop into higher-order branches (1). Three genes that encode members of the AP2/ERF superfamily, SUPERNUMERARY BRACT (SNB), INDETERMINATE SPIKELET 1 (OsIDS1), and MULTI-FLORETS SPIKELET 1 (MFS1), are involved in regulating spikelet determinacy in rice (2, 3). In these mutants, the transition from SM to FM is delayed, and extra organs or florets are produced. However, our knowledge about the details of spikelet development in rice remains limited.In most members of Oryzeae, the spikelet is composed of one pair of rudimentary glumes, one pair of sterile lemmas, and one terminal fertile floret, which consists of one pair of hulls (lemma and palea) and inner floral organs (4). Regarding the origin of the sterile lemmas, the "three-florets spikelet" hypothesis proposes that the putative ancestor of the rice spikelet contained two lateral florets in addition to a terminal fertile floret. Subsequently, the lemmas of the two lateral florets degenerated into sterile lemmas, and the inner floral organs and palea degenerated markedly and disappeared during evolution (5). In recent years, several reports have supported this hypot...

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“…In rice the number of flowers is controlled by MULTI-FLO-RET SPIKELET1 (MFS1) and TONGARI-BOUSHI1 (TOB1), whose effect is obvious after specification of glumes and sterile lemmas (Ren et al 2013). MFS1 is also an AP2-like protein and is apparently regulated by microRNAs.…”

Section: Spikeletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflorescence Structure

Kellogg¹

2015

Flowering Plants. Monocots

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MULTI-FLORET SPIKELET1, Which Encodes an AP2/ERF Protein, Determines Spikelet Meristem Fate and Sterile Lemma Identity in Rice

Cited by 102 publications

References 51 publications

A role for <i>TRIANGULAR HULL1</i> in fine-tuning spikelet morphogenesis in rice

A role for <i>TRIANGULAR HULL1</i> in fine-tuning spikelet morphogenesis in rice

LATERAL FLORET 1 induced the three-florets spikelet in rice

Inflorescence Structure

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