Moritella viscosa in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Einarsdottir, Thorbjorg; Sigurdardottir, Heida Maria; Björnsdottir, Thorunn Soley; Einarsdottir, Elisabet

doi:10.1111/jfd.12884

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…At 98 dpi, R. salmoninarum was isolated from spleen, liver and headkidney of the high dose infected lumpfish which showed no external, internal and histopathological disease signs ( Figures 2C and 3 ). Similar to our results, M. viscosa was isolated from kidneys of non-symptomatic lumpfish at 27 days post bath challenge ( 30 ). This implies that lumpfish could be asymptomatic carriers for R. salmoninarum , and chronic infection could be a common strategy of marine bacterial pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…( 29 ) confirmed the experimental transmission of amoebic parasite from lumpfish to salmon ( 29 ). Also, Atlantic salmon susceptibility to a lumpfish isolate of M. viscosa reflecting the disease risk to salmon ( 30 ). Although BKD episodes have not been reported in lumpfish, its susceptibility and immune response to R. salmoninarum are unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transmission of amoebic parasite ( Paramoeba perurans ) from lumpfish to Atlantic salmon was demonstrated under controlled conditions ( 29 ). Though, the anticipated risk of infected lumpfish transmit bacterial disease to salmon is low, Atlantic salmon showed susceptibility to a lumpfish isolate of M. viscosa ( 28 , 30 ). Thus, it could be possible that lumpfish act as an asymptomatic carrier and transmit disease threat to salmon ( 19 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) Is Susceptible to Renibacterium salmoninarum Infection and Induces Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Chronic Stage

et al. 2021

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Renibacterium salmoninarum is a Gram-positive, intracellular pathogen that causes Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) in several fish species in freshwater and seawater. Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) is utilized as a cleaner fish to biocontrol sea lice infestation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farms. Atlantic salmon is susceptible to R. salmoninarum, and it can transfer the infection to other fish species. Although BKD outbreaks have not been reported in lumpfish, its susceptibility and immune response to R. salmoninarum is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility and immune response of lumpfish to R. salmoninarum infection. Groups of lumpfish were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with either R. salmoninarum (1×107, 1×108, or 1×109 cells dose-1) or PBS (control). R. salmoninarum infection kinetics and mortality were followed for 98 days post-infection (dpi). Transcript expression levels of 33 immune-relevant genes were measured in head kidney (n = 6) of fish infected with 1×109 cells/dose and compared to the control at 28 and 98 dpi. Infected lumpfish displayed characteristic clinical signs of BKD. Lumpfish infected with high, medium, and low doses had a survival rate of 65%, 93%, and 95%, respectively. Mortality in the high-dose infected group stabilized after 50 dpi, but R. salmoninarum persisted in the fish tissues until 98 dpi. Cytokines (il1β, il8a, il8b), pattern recognition receptors (tlr5a), interferon-induced effectors (rsad2, mxa, mxb, mxc), and iron regulation (hamp) and acute phase reactant (saa5) related genes were up-regulated at 28 dpi. In contrast, cell-mediated adaptive immunity-related genes (cd4a, cd4b, ly6g6f, cd8a, cd74) were down-regulated at 28 dpi, revealing the immune suppressive nature of R. salmoninarum. However, significant upregulation of cd74 at 98 dpi suggests induction of cell-mediated immune response. This study showed that R. salmoninarum infected lumpfish in a similar fashion to salmonid fish species and caused a chronic infection, enhancing cell-mediated adaptive immune response.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) Is Susceptible to Renibacterium salmoninarum Infection and Induces Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Chronic Stage

et al. 2021

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“…M. viscosa infection was suggested to be initiated from both skin and gill of Atlantic salmon 11 , and the pathogenic mechanism of this bacterium in salmonid cells is delivered through cytoskeleton disruption, pore formation and lytic processes 12 . In addition to Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) 13 , M. viscosa may infect Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ), halibut ( Hippoglossus hippoglossus ) 14 , turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) 15 and lumpfish ( Cyclopterus lumpus ) 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global gene expression responses of Atlantic salmon skin to Moritella viscosa

Eslamloo

Kumar

Xue

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Moritella viscosa is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes large, chronic ulcers, known as winter-ulcer disease, in the skin of several fish species including Atlantic salmon. We used a bath challenge approach to profile the transcriptome responses of M. viscosa-infected Atlantic salmon skin at the lesion (Mv-At) and away from the lesion (Mv-Aw) sites. M. viscosa infection was confirmed through RNA-based qPCR assays. RNA-Seq identified 5212 and 2911 transcripts differentially expressed in the Mv-At compared to no-infection control and Mv-Aw groups, respectively. Also, there were 563 differentially expressed transcripts when comparing the Mv-Aw to control samples. Our results suggest that M. viscosa caused massive and strong, but largely infection site-focused, transcriptome dysregulations in Atlantic salmon skin, and its effects beyond the skin lesion site were comparably subtle. The M. viscosa-induced transcripts of Atlantic salmon were mainly involved in innate and adaptive immune response-related pathways, whereas the suppressed transcripts by this pathogen were largely connected to developmental and cellular processes. As validated by qPCR, M. viscosa dysregulated transcripts encoding receptors, signal transducers, transcription factors and immune effectors playing roles in TLR- and IFN-dependent pathways as well as immunoregulation, antigen presentation and T-cell development. This study broadened the current understanding of molecular pathways underlying M. viscosa-triggered responses of Atlantic salmon, and identified biomarkers that may assist to diagnose and combat this pathogen.

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“…Haugland et al (29) confirmed the experimental transmission of amoebic parasite from lumpfish to salmon (29). Also, Atlantic salmon susceptibility to a lumpfish isolate of M. viscosa reflecting the disease risk to salmon (30). Although BKD episodes have not been reported in lumpfish, its susceptibility and immune response to R. salmoninarum are unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Moritella viscosa in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) Is Susceptible to Renibacterium salmoninarum Infection and Induces Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Chronic Stage

Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) Is Susceptible to Renibacterium salmoninarum Infection and Induces Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Chronic Stage

Global gene expression responses of Atlantic salmon skin to Moritella viscosa

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