<i>Micrococcus luteus</i>Teichuronic Acids Activate Human and Murine Monocytic Cells in a CD14- and Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Manner

Yang, Shiliang; Sugawara, Shunji; Monodane, Toshihiko; Nishijima, Masahiro; Adachi, Yoshiyuki; Akashi, Shigeo; Miyake, Kensuke; Hase, Sumihiro; Takada, Haruhiko

doi:10.1128/iai.69.4.2025-2030.2001

Cited by 51 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Cytokine Production by Human Monocytes Is Dependent on AGP Acyl Chain Length and Position-While TLR4 is expressed on a variety of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, monocytes and macrophages have been frequently studied as physiologically relevant LPS-sensitive cells (26,27). The hallmark of monocyte and macrophage activation through Tolllike receptors is the activation of NF B and the subsequent release of TNF-␣ and other cytokines and chemokines (28).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-Activity Relationship of Synthetic Toll-like Receptor 4 Agonists

Stöver

Correia

Evans

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

150

140

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-Activity Relationship of Synthetic Toll-like Receptor 4 Agonists

Stöver

Correia

Evans

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

150

140

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“…However, the receptor system and signaling pathway to elicit proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages have not been studied. CD14 is mainly expressed on monocytes/macrophages and functions as a pattern recognition receptor in innate immunity that recognizes diverse bacterial cell-surface components; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (54), lipoarabinomannan (LAM) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (58), β(1-4)-D-mannuronic acid polymers from Pseudomonas species (30), cell walls from gram-positive bacteria (34), peptidoglycan (PGN) from Staphylococcus aureus (13,52), rhamnose glucose polymers from Streptococcus mutans (39), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from various gram-positive bacteria (7), and teichuronic acid (TUA) from Micrococcus luteus (56). It must be noted here that LPSbinding protein (LBP) in serum augments responses of CD14-bearing cells to LPS and LAM (29,37,45).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Saccharomyces cerevisiae‐ and Candida albicans‐Derived Mannan Induced Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha by Human Monocytes in a CD14‐ and Toll‐Like Receptor 4‐Dependent Manner

Tada

Nemoto

Shimauchi

et al. 2002

Microbiology and Immunology

Self Cite

276

158

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The cytokine‐inducing activities of fungal polysaccharides were examined in human monocytes in culture, with special reference to CD14 and Toll‐like receptors (TLRs). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) production by monocytes was markedly induced in a dose‐dependent manner upon stimulation with cell walls from Candida albicans and mannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and C. albicans, although relatively high concentrations (10 to 100 μg/ml) of stimulants were required for activation as compared with the reference lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 to 10 ng/ml). The yeast form C. albicans and its mannan and cell wall fractions exhibited higher TNF‐α production than respective preparations from the hyphal form. Only slight TNF‐α production was induced by the S. cerevisiae glucan. The TNF‐α production triggered by reference LPS and purified fungal mannans required the presence of LPS‐binding protein (LBP), and these responses were inhibited by anti‐CD14 and anti‐TLR4 antibodies, but not by anti‐TLR2 antibody. In contrast to the activity of LPS, the activity of purified S. cerevisiae mannan was not inhibited by polymyxin B. These findings suggested that the mannan‐LBP complex is recognized by CD14 on monocytes and that signaling through TLR4 leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines in a manner similar to that induced by LPS.

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“…In addition to TLR4, a soluble protein, MD-2, associates with TLR4 and is needed for efficient LPS signaling (16). Two uronic acid-containing polysaccharides are also found to induce cell activation through TLR4, namely the Gram-positive Micrococcus luteus teichuronic acids (17) and the fungal Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan (18). TLR2 recognizes a range of different structures such as several Gram-positive bacterial components (15, 19 -21); yeast zymosan (21); mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan (22); and lipoproteins and lipopeptides from spirochetes, mycobacteria, and mycoplasma (20,23,24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in Cell Activation by Mannuronic Acid Polymers

Flo

Ryan

Latz

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

178

106

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The alginate capsule produced by the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is composed mainly of mannuronic acid polymers (poly-M) that have immunostimulating properties. Poly-M shares with lipopolysaccharide the ability to stimulate cytokine production from human monocytes in a CD14-dependent manner. In the present study we examined the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in responses to poly-M. Blocking antibodies to TLR2 and TLR4 partly inhibited tumor necrosis factor production induced by poly-M in human monocytes, and further inhibition was obtained by combining the antibodies. By transiently transfecting HEK293 cells, we found that membrane CD14 together with either TLR2 or TLR4/MD-2 could mediate activation by poly-M. Transfection of HEK293 cells with TLR2 and fluorescently labeled TLR4 followed by co-patching of TLR2 with an antibody revealed no association of these molecules on the plasma membrane. However, macrophages from the Tlr4 mutant C3H/HeJ mice and TLR4 knockout mice were completely non-responsive to poly-M, whereas the tumor necrosis factor release from TLR2 knockout macrophages was half of that seen with wild type cells. Taken together the results suggest that both TLR2 and TLR4 are involved in cell activation by poly-M and that TLR4 may be required in primary murine macrophages.

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Micrococcus luteusTeichuronic Acids Activate Human and Murine Monocytic Cells in a CD14- and Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Manner

Cited by 51 publications

References 45 publications

Structure-Activity Relationship of Synthetic Toll-like Receptor 4 Agonists

Structure-Activity Relationship of Synthetic Toll-like Receptor 4 Agonists

Saccharomyces cerevisiae‐ and Candida albicans‐Derived Mannan Induced Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha by Human Monocytes in a CD14‐ and Toll‐Like Receptor 4‐Dependent Manner

Involvement of Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in Cell Activation by Mannuronic Acid Polymers

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