<i>Merope Tuber</i> (Mecoptera):A Wing‐Body Interlocking Mechanism

Hlavac, T. F.

doi:10.1155/1974/45917

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The metanotum in Symphyta is equipped with cenchri, which are two blister-like lobes, each interlocking with a field of modified microtrichia (spinarea) on the underside of the forewing anal area in repose ( Schrott 1986 ). This wing-locking mechanism is an elaboration of the microtrichial forewing-metanotum coupling occurring in Neuroptera , Raphidioptera , Sialidae ( Riek 1967 ), some Mecoptera (some Nannochoristidae and Meropeidae ; in Merope the spinarea is displaced to the upper side of the jugal lobe; Hlavac 1974 , Kristensen 1989 ), and Lepidoptera ( Common 1969 , Kristensen 2003 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permian ancestors of Hymenoptera and Raphidioptera

Shcherbakov¹

2013

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The origin of Hymenoptera remains controversial. Currently accepted hypotheses consider Hymenoptera as the first side branch of Holometabola or sister-group to Mecopteroidea. In contrast, fossils confirm the idea of Martynov that Hymenoptera are related to Megaloptera and Raphidioptera. Hymenoptera have descended along with Raphidioptera from the earliest Megaloptera, the Permian Parasialidae. A related new family, minute Nanosialidae from the Permian of Russia is supposedly ancestral to Raphidioptera. The fusion of the third ovipositor valvulae is shown to be not a synapomorphy of Neuropteroidea. Parasialids and nanosialids bridge the gap between megalopterans and snakeflies; all can be classified into a single order, Panmegaloptera nom. n., including a new suborder Siarapha for Nanosialidae. The earliest megalopterans and their descendants, Raphidioptera and Hymenoptera, have passed through a “miniaturization bottleneck”, likely a common macroevolutionary mechanism.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permian ancestors of Hymenoptera and Raphidioptera

Shcherbakov¹

2013

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“…The first type mechanically fastens forewings to each other and its function is likely to prevent contamination; this type has been reported in Hymenoptera (Gorb, 2001) and Heteroptera (Presswalla & George, 1935). In the second type, the forewings cover the delicate hindwings and the abdomen providing protection against injury; this type has been reported in various insect orders: Hymenoptera (Schrott, 1986), Mecoptera (Hlavac, 1974), Dermaptera (Haas, 1995), Diptera (Rodova, 1968), Coleoptera (Hammond, 1989;Gorb, 1998Gorb, , 1999, Lepidoptera (Common, 1969) and Hemiptera (Gorb & Perez Goodwyn, 2003;Weirauch & Cassis, 2009). The third type keeps the hindwing fit into the forewing to maintain the wings in the repose position and to conceal the hindwing costal margin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and evolution of the stigmapophysis—A unique repose wing-coupling structure in Psocodea

Ogawa

Yoshizawa

2018

Arthropod Structure & Development

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The gain of foldable wings is regarded as one of the key innovations enabling the present-day diversity of neopteran insects. Wing folding allows compact housing of the wings and shields the insect body from damage. Wing-fixing systems have evolved in some insects, probably to increase the durability of the shielding function by the wings. Bark lice (Psocodea) are known to possess a unique wing-to-wing repose coupling system, but a detailed morphological and evolutionary study of this system is lacking. In this study, we examined this repose coupling structure by SEM in 32 species including representatives of all three suborders of bark lice (Trogiomorpha, Troctomorpha and Psocomorpha). We concluded that the repose wing-coupling apparatus independently evolved twice within Psocodea. In Trogiomorpha, the apparatus is located on the subcostal vein of the forewing and is composed of elongated rib-like structures. In Troctomorpha and Psocomorpha, in contrast, the repose coupling structure is located on the radius vein of the forewing and is formed by a swollen vein. These morphological and developmental differences in the repose coupling structures also provide phylogenetic information at different systematic levels.

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“…The locking mechanisms of the second type have been reported from parasitic wasps from the families Encyrtidae and Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera; Chalcidoidea) (Gorb, 2001), as well as Heteroptera (Presswalla and George, 1935). The third type of locking mechanisms occurs in such insects as Hymenoptera (Schrott, 1986), Mecoptera (Hlavac, 1974), Dermaptera (Haas, 1995), some Diptera (Rodova, 1968), Coleoptera (Hammond, 1989;Gorb, 1998Gorb, , 1999, and presumably some Lepidoptera (Common, 1969). These insects have convergently developed an ability to lock their wings to the body while resting.…”

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Wing‐locking mechanisms in aquatic Heteroptera

Gorb

Goodwyn

2003

Journal of Morphology

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This account provides a detailed morphological and ultrastructural study of wing-locking mechanisms (LM) in some aquatic Heteroptera. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to describe the functional significance of macro- and microstructures holding wings tightly against the body at rest and those involved in functional diptery in flight. There are two types of LM holding the forewings (hemelytra) at rest: 1) wing-to-wing LM, and 2) wing-to-body LM. The first type includes the brush-to-brush LM, the clavus-clavus clamp and the clavus-clavus locking ridge. The second type includes devices locking the hemelytra to the body: the subcostal border of the hemelytra to the lateral border of mesepimeron, the knob-and-socket locking mechanism of the hemelytra, and the clavus-locking mechanism to the scutellum groove. The hindwing is locked by a pair of microtrichial fields situated on the hindwing-articulated pad at the basal area of the hindwing and on the thoracic pad in the vicinity of the wing articulation. Morphological and ultrastructural data suggest that different LM are parts of one mechanism holding wings to the body at rest. An additional locking mechanism, connecting the hemelytra with the hindwing, is the only LM providing functional diptery in flight.

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Merope Tuber (Mecoptera):A Wing‐Body Interlocking Mechanism

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Permian ancestors of Hymenoptera and Raphidioptera

Permian ancestors of Hymenoptera and Raphidioptera

Structure and evolution of the stigmapophysis—A unique repose wing-coupling structure in Psocodea

Wing‐locking mechanisms in aquatic Heteroptera

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