<i>Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences, 2nd ed</i>.

Boas, Mary L.; Peters, P. C.

doi:10.1119/1.19218

Cited by 44 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…The electric field lines between these planes can be derived using the conformal mapping technique. 11 At a distance dx near the edge of the graphene sheet at potential V 0 to ground, the electric field is…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Scanned Probe Images for Magnetic Focusing in Graphene

Bhandari

Lee

Kim

et al. 2017

Journal of Elec Materi

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We have used cooled scanning probe microscopy (SPM) to study electron motion in nanoscale devices. The charged tip of the microscope was rasterscanned at constant height above the surface as the conductance of the device was measured. The image charge scatters electrons away, changing the path of electrons through the sample. Using this technique, we imaged cyclotron orbits that flow between two narrow contacts in the magnetic focusing regime for ballistic hBN-graphene-hBN devices. We present herein an analysis of our magnetic focusing imaging results based on the effects of the tip-created charge density dip on the motion of ballistic electrons. The density dip locally reduces the Fermi energy, creating a force that pushes electrons away from the tip. When the tip is above the cyclotron orbit, electrons are deflected away from the receiving contact, creating an image by reducing the transmission between contacts. The data and our analysis suggest that the graphene edge is rather rough, and electrons scattering off the edge bounce in random directions. However, when the tip is close to the edge, it can enhance transmission by bouncing electrons away from the edge, toward the receiving contact. Our results demonstrate that cooled SPM is a promising tool to investigate the motion of electrons in ballistic graphene devices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Scanned Probe Images for Magnetic Focusing in Graphene

Bhandari

Lee

Kim

et al. 2017

Journal of Elec Materi

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“…Let and be the mean number of electrons into and out of the stage, respectively, and be the variance in the number of electrons into and out of the stage, and be the mean gain and variance in the gain (3) Assuming is independent of , then [11] (4)…”

Section: A Analytical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The noise performance of electron multiplying charge-coupled devices

Robbins

Hadwen

2003

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

288

178

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Abstract-Electron multiplying charge-coupled devices (EMCCDs) enable imaging with subelectron noise up to video frame rates and beyond, providing the multiplication gain is sufficiently high. The ultra-low noise, high resolution, high-quantum efficiency, and robustness to over exposure make these sensors ideally suited to applications traditionally served by image intensifiers. One important performance parameter of such low-light imaging systems is the noise introduced by the gain process. This work investigates the noise introduced by the electron multiplication within the EMCCD. The theory and measurements of the excess noise factor are presented. The measurement technique for determining the excess noise factor is described in detail. The results show that the noise performance matches that of the ideal staircase avalanche photodiode. A Monte Carlo method for simulating the low-light level images is demonstrated and the results compared with practical experience.Index Terms-Charge-coupled devices (CCD), image intensifiers, low-light level imaging, noise, photon counting, single photon detection.

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“…A integral dupla da equação (4)é proporcional a erfc(x/w), onde a função erfc(x), mostrada na equação (5),é denominada função erro complementar [11]:…”

Section: Materiais E Métodounclassified

Sistema fotodetector econômico para utilização em laboratórios de ensino e pesquisa

Gutierre

Ribeiro

Pereira

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Ensino Fís.

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Um sistema fotodetector para a sua utilização em medidas quantitativas da irradiância ou potência de um feixe de luz laser precisa ter uma resposta linear. Dispositivos com essa finalidade podem ser adquiridos comercialmente, mas possuem custo elevado. Nesta comunicaçãoé proposta a construção de um sistema fotodetector a partir de um resistor dependente de luz (LDR), o qualé um elemento cuja respostaé não-linear. Nesse caso, para sua utilização necessitamos de uma calibração prévia do sistema. O desempenho do novo sistema em experiências de quantificação da potência da luz em condições estacionárias foi avaliada comparando o resultado da determinação da largura de um feixe de laser com perfil espacial gaussiano mediante a técnica da lâmina, com o obtido por um fotodetector comercial. Palavras-chave:óptica, LDR, fotodetector.A photodetector for using in quantitative measurements of the irradiance or power of a laser beam needs to have a linear response. Devices with this property can be acquired but usually they are expensive. In this paper we propose the construction of a photodetector that employs a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), which has a nonlinear response. In this situation, for using such a photodetector it is necessary a previous calibration. The performance of the new system in experiments that need to quantify the radiant power in stationary conditions was evaluated by comparing the results of the measurement of the radius of a gaussian beam through the knife-edge technique, with the obtained with a commercial linear photodetector.

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Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences, 2nd ed.

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of Scanned Probe Images for Magnetic Focusing in Graphene

Analysis of Scanned Probe Images for Magnetic Focusing in Graphene

The noise performance of electron multiplying charge-coupled devices

Sistema fotodetector econômico para utilização em laboratórios de ensino e pesquisa

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