<i>MADS78</i> and <i>MADS79</i> Are Essential Regulators of Early Seed Development in Rice

Paul, Puneet; Dhatt, Balpreet K.; Miller, Michael D.; Folsom, Jing J.; Zhen, Wang; Krassovskaya, Inga; Liu, Kan; Sandhu, Jaspreet; Yu, Huihui; Zhang, Chi; Obata, Toshihiro; Staswick, Paul E.; Walia, Harkamal

doi:10.1104/pp.19.00917

Cited by 45 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…The event is finely orchestrated at the genetic and epigenetic levels (Folsom et al, ). CMT3 (Folsom et al, ; Lindroth et al, ), DRM3 (Sharma et al, ), KRP3 (Mizutani, Naganuma, Tsutsumi, & Saitoh, ), and several type‐I MADS‐box transcription factors, MADS78 , MADS 79 , MADS 87 , and MADS 89 (Chen et al, ; Folsom et al, ; Kang, Steffen, Portereiko, Lloyd, & Drews, ; Paul et al, ; Steffen, Kang, Portereiko, Lloyd, & Drews, ), show expression specific to the syncytial phase, and decline with the progression of cellularization. Thus, we referred these as syncytial‐associated genes (Figure ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Divergent phenotypic response of rice accessions to transient heat stress during early seed development

et al. 2020

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Increasing global surface temperatures is posing a major food security challenge. Part of the solution to address this problem is to improve crop heat resilience, especially during grain development, along with agronomic decisions such as shift in planting time and increasing crop diversification. Rice is a major food crop consumed by more than 3 billion people. For rice, thermal sensitivity of reproductive development and grain filling is well-documented, while knowledge concerning the impact of heat stress (HS) on early seed development is limited. Here, we aim to study the phenotypic variation in a set of diverse rice accessions for elucidating the HS response during early seed development. To explore the variation in HS sensitivity, we investigated aus (1), indica (2), temperate japonica (2), and tropical japonica (4) accessions for their HS (39/35°C) response during early seed development that accounts for transition of endosperm from syncytial to cellularization, which broadly corresponds to 24 and 96 hr after fertilization (HAF), respectively, in rice. The two indica and one of the tropical japonica accessions exhibited severe heat sensitivity with increased seed abortion; three tropical japonicas and an aus accession showed moderate heat tolerance, while temperate japonicas exhibited strong heat tolerance. The accessions exhibiting extreme heat sensitivity maintain seed size at the expense of number of fully developed mature seeds, while the accessions showing relative resilience to the transient HS maintained number of fully developed seeds but compromised on seed size, especially seed length. Further, histochemical analysis revealed that all the tested accessions have delayed endosperm cellularization upon exposure to the transient HS by 96 HAF; however, the rate of cellularization was different among the accessions. These findings were further corroborated by upregulation of cellularizationassociated marker genes in the developing seeds from the heat-stressed samples. K E Y W O R D Sendosperm, genetic diversity, heat stress, rice, seed development, syncytial S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O NAdditional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section. How to cite this article: Paul P, Dhatt BK, Sandhu J, et al. Divergent phenotypic response of rice accessions to transient heat stress during early seed development. Plant Direct. 2020;4:1-13. https ://doi.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were transferred to xylene (100%) for 2 hr, followed by transfer to 500 µl of a 1:1 mixture of xylene and paraplast tablets and stored at 60°C. Finally, samples were transferred to and embedded in paraplast (Paul et al, ). Cross sections (10 µm) were obtained using a rotary microtome (Leica RM2125 RTS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent phenotypic response of rice accessions to transient heat stress during early seed development

et al. 2020

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“…After fertilization, many type I MADS-box genes are transiently activated during cellularization ( Bemer et al., 2010 ; Zhang et al., 2018b ), possibly antagonizing FIS–PRC2 ( Pires, 2014 ). Aberrant activation of type I MADS s has been found to be associated with cellularization failure in Arabidopsis and rice ( Walia et al., 2009 ; Ishikawa et al., 2011 ; Zhang et al., 2018b ; Paul et al., 2020 ). For instance, agamous-like 62 ( agl62 ) and agl80 mutants exhibit precocious cellularization ( Portereiko et al., 2006 ; Kang et al., 2008 ), and the seed failures of the mea mutant and interspecific hybrids that are caused by delayed cellularization can be alleviated by the inactivation of PHERE1 ( PHE1 ), AGL62 , and AGL90 in Arabidopsis ( Köhler et al., 2003a ; Walia et al., 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The maternally expressed polycomb group gene OsEMF2a is essential for endosperm cellularization and imprinting in rice

Cheng

Pan

Zhiguo

et al. 2021

Plant Communications

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Cellularization is a key event in endosperm development. Polycomb group (PcG) genes, such as Fertilization-Independent Seed 2 ( FIS2 ), are vital for the syncytium-to-cellularization transition in Arabidopsis plants. In this study, we found that OsEMF2a , a rice homolog of the Arabidopsis PcG gene Embryonic Flower2 ( EMF2 ), plays a role similar to that of FIS2 in regard to seed development, although there is limited sequence similarity between the genes. Delayed cellularization was observed in osemf2a , associated with an unusual activation of type I MADS-box genes. The cell cycle was persistently activated in osemf2a caryopses, which was likely caused by cytokinin overproduction. However, the overaccumulation of auxin was not found to be associated with the delayed cellularization. As OsEMF2a is a maternally expressed gene in the endosperm, a paternally inherited functional allele was unable to recover the maternal defects of OsEMF2a . Many imprinted rice genes were deregulated in the defective hybrid seeds of osemf2a (♀)/9311 (♂) (m9). The paternal expression bias of some paternally expressed genes was disrupted in m9 due to either the activation of maternal alleles or the repression of paternal alleles. These findings suggest that OsEMF2a-PRC2-mediated H3K27me3 is necessary for endosperm cellularization and genomic imprinting in rice.

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“…Delayed cellularization is also associated with increased auxin concentrations in Arabidopsis (Figueiredo et al ., 2016; Batista et al ., 2019). It is feasible that higher auxin concentrations in Fie1 ‐deficient, overproliferating coenocytic endosperm inhibit cell wall formation and increase auxin transport to seed coat tissue, resulting in cellular expansion and hence larger cell size (Batista et al ., 2019; Paul et al ., 2020a). The potential mechanistic link between Fie1 and auxin accumulation and transport needs further examination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelic variation in rice Fertilization Independent Endosperm 1 contributes to grain width under high night temperature stress

et al. 2020

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A higher minimum (night-time) temperature is considered a greater limiting factor for reduced rice yield than a similar increase in maximum (daytime) temperature. While the physiological impact of high night temperature (HNT) has been studied, the genetic and molecular basis of HNT stress response remains unexplored. We examined the phenotypic variation for mature grain size (length and width) in a diverse set of rice accessions under HNT stress. Genome-wide association analysis identified several HNT-specific loci regulating grain size as well as loci that are common for optimal and HNT stress conditions. A novel locus contributing to grain width under HNT conditions colocalized with Fie1, a component of the FIS-PRC2 complex. Our results suggest that the allelic difference controlling grain width under HNT is a result of differential transcript-level response of Fie1 in grains developing under HNT stress. We present evidence to support the role of Fie1 in grain size regulation by testing overexpression (OE) and knockout mutants under heat stress. The OE mutants were either unaltered or had a positive impact on mature grain size under HNT, while the knockouts exhibited significant grain size reduction under these conditions.

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MADS78 and MADS79 Are Essential Regulators of Early Seed Development in Rice

Cited by 45 publications

References 87 publications

Divergent phenotypic response of rice accessions to transient heat stress during early seed development

Divergent phenotypic response of rice accessions to transient heat stress during early seed development

The maternally expressed polycomb group gene OsEMF2a is essential for endosperm cellularization and imprinting in rice

Allelic variation in rice Fertilization Independent Endosperm 1 contributes to grain width under high night temperature stress

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