Madanidinium loirii gen. et sp. nov.(Dinophyceae), a new marine benthic dinoflagellate from Martinique Island, Eastern Caribbean

Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of a New Marine, Sand‐dwelling Dinoflagellate Genus, Pachena (Dinophyceae), with Descriptions of Three New Species

“…However, and as observed for the phylogenetically closely related sand‐dwelling species Laciniporus arabicus (Saburova and Chomérat ), its phylogenetic position based on SSU rDNA sequences was unstable and varied depending on the taxon sampling used for phylogenetic inference. This situation is not unusual for benthic sand‐dwelling species, which commonly represent diverging lineages clustering unrelated to other known (mostly planktonic) representatives, e.g., Madanidinium adanidinium loirii (Chomérat and Bilien ), Apicoporus spp. (Sparmann et al.…”

“…), Bispinodinium (Yamada et al. ), Ailadinium (Saburova and Chomérat ), Madanidinium (Chomérat and Bilien ), Aduncodinium (Kang et al. ), Fukuyoa (Gómez et al.…”

“…). For example, Madanidinium has no apical pore (Chomérat and Bilien ); Plagiodinium has no precingular or no apical plate series (Faust and Balech , Wakeman et al. ), depending on interpretation; Thecadinium sensu stricto and Pseudothecadinium have only incomplete precingular plate series and other special plate arrangements (Efimova et al.…”

Ailadinium reticulatumgen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a New Thecate, Marine, Sand‐Dwelling Dinoflagellate from the NorthernRedSea

“…). In addition, newly described benthic dinoflagellate Madanidium loirii Chomérat possesses an area closely arranged small pores at the bottom of shallow depressions (Chomérat and Bilien ). Some benthic Prorocentrum species possess the special features on their thecal surface.…”

Laciniporus arabicus gen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae, Peridiniales), a new thecate, marine, sand‐dwelling dinoflagellate from the northern Indian Ocean (Arabian Sea)1

“…, Chomérat and Nézan , Chomérat et al. , Nézan and Chomérat , Chomérat and Bilien , Saburova and Chomérat ). The current systematic hierarchy of benthic armored dinoflagellates encompasses a wide range of monotypic genera with unique morphological characters and uncertain or unknown affiliations to higher taxa, which are morphologically and genetically distinct from any dinoflagellate genus hitherto described (e.g., Ailadinium , Amphidiniella , Herdmania , Madanidinium , Pileidinium , Plagiodinium , Planodinium , Pseudothecadinium , Rhinodinium , and Sabulodinium ; Saunders and Dodge , Faust and Balech , Horiguchi , Hoppenrath et al.…”