Lysinibacillus sphaericusas a Nutrient Enhancer during Fire-Impacted Soil Replantation

Abstract

Over the past ten years, more than twenty fires have affected the El Noviciado estate located in Cerro Majuy, Colombia, leading to a loss of soil nutrients and infertility. Lysinibacillus sphaericus, a Gram-positive, mesophilic, and spore-forming bacterium, can be used in soil amendment in the replantation processes, given its ability to fix nitrogen, and nitrify, and solubilize phosphorus, increasing soil nutrients used for plant growth. In this study, we evaluated the soil-amendment potential of L. sphaericus by monitoring the nutrient content of a selected fragment of soil in the El Noviciado estate. For this purpose, we added a mixture of L. sphaericus OT4b.31, OT4b.49, CBAM5, III(3)7, and 2362 strains and determined the ammonium, nitrites, nitrates, phosphorus, and indole acetic acid concentrations in soil. Alnus acuminata sbsp. acuminata, a native model plant known for its restoration effect, was used for replantation. Results indicated that soils with added L. sphaericus presented significant differences in ammonium, nitrites, nitrates, phosphorus, and indole acetic acid concentrations when compared to control soils. Further, results showed no significant differences between soil that had been pre-inoculated in greenhouse and soil directly inoculated in field. We propose that L. sphaericus could be a good nutrient enhancer and plant growth promoter that can be used for the amendment of fire-impacted soils and replantation treatments.

Glyphosate Bioremediation through the Sarcosine Oxidase Pathway Mediated by Lysinibacillus sphaericus in Soils Cultivated with Potatoes

“…However, on day 20, significant differences were found between C and G, C and B, and C and BG treatments; at day 40, no significant differences were found between BG and G treatments ; at day 60, significant differences were found between the control and all treatments, but no significant differences were found between the treatments (Table S4). The mean concentration of nitrate and ammonium were as expected across the whole time of analysis; when nitrogen is fixed in the form of ammonium, it is promptly turned into nitrates that can be used by the plants, establishing a trend whereby, when nitrate concentration decreases, ammonium increases, and vice versa [21,35]. On day 20, there was a clear rise in ammonium concentration and a decrease in nitrate concentrations.…”

“…On day 20, there was a clear rise in ammonium concentration and a decrease in nitrate concentrations. At day 60, the opposite happened, and ammonium concentration started to drop as the nitrate concentration started to rise [21] (Figure 4). These results show that GBH did not inhibit the fixing of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium or the oxidation of ammonium to nitrate.…”

“…Solanum phureja is known as "papa criolla", lacks tuber dormancy, presents a short vegetative period and The Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria L. sphaericus previously named Bacillus sphaericus [19] has been reported as a plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) and a nutrient-enhancing bacterium because of its ability to solubilize phosphorus, its nitrogen fixation activity, and its production of phytohormones such as indole acetic acid (IAA) [20,21]. This bacterium has been used as a nutrient enhancer microorganism in fire-impacted soils [21], as a bioremediation landfarming agent of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons [22] and toxic metals, and has as a biocontrol for Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus [23][24][25][26][27][28]. Furthermore, a previous study showed that L. sphaericus expresses the sarcosine oxidase gene [26] when exposed to glyphosate in a minimum salt medium (MMS) modified to lack phosphorous salts, thus limiting the phosphorous source to glyphosate.…”

Effects of Three Pesticides on the Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris Gut Microbiota

“…Therefore, a change in these bacteria abundance can affect the nitrogen cycle ( Jien et al, 2021 ). Moreover, Lysinibacillus sphaericus can be used both in soil amendment in the replantation processes ( Aguirre-Monroy et al, 2019 ) and as degraders of pesticides, in particular glyphosate ( Pérez Rodríguez et al, 2019 ). Some Nocardioides species can degrade complex organic pollutants, so reducing their presence may affect the rate of natural remediation ( Zhao et al, 2018 ).…”

Metagenomic Analysis of Bacterial Communities in Agricultural Soils from Vietnam with Special Attention to Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria

“…was isolated from soil CL03 ( Table S5 ). Plant growth promoting potential of Lysinibacillus species, such as L. sphaericus , was reported based on its phosphate solubilizing, nitrification and nitrogen-fixing ability [ 73 ]. Besides, a Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain applied with sawdust biochar was shown to have a positive effect on maize plant height and nutrient concentrations, such as P, N and K [ 74 ].…”