Lithospermum erythrorhizonExtract Protects Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts Against Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Oxidative stress damages dermal and epidermal cells and degrades extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen, ultimately leading to skin aging. The present study evaluated the potential protective effect of the aqueous methanolic extract obtained from Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) against oxidative stress, induced by H2O2 and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, on human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and human dermal fibroblast-neonatal (HDF-n) cells. Exposure of cells to H2O2 or UVB irradiation markedly increased oxidative stress and reduced cell viability. However, pretreatment of cells with the LE extract not only increased cell viability (up to 84.5%), but also significantly decreased oxidative stress. Further, the LE extract downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, an endopeptidase that degrades extracellular matrix collagen. In contrast, treatment with the LE extract did not affect the expression of procollagen type 1 in HDF-n cells exposed to UVA irradiation. Thirteen phenolic compounds, including derivatives of shikonin and caffeic acid, were identified by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. These results suggest that LE-derived extracts may protect oxidative-stress-induced skin aging by inhibiting degradation of skin collagen, and that this protection may derive at least in part from the antioxidant phenolics present in these extracts. Further studies are warranted to determine the potential utility of LE-derived extracts in both therapeutic and cosmetic applications.

Shikonin Promotes Skin Cell Proliferation and Inhibits Nuclear Factor-κB Translocation via Proteasome Inhibition In Vitro

“…[ 8 ] However, most of these results for pharmacological mechanisms were obtained by animal model systems, and only few studies of shikonin in normal human skin cells have been reported. [ 9 10 ] In this study, our aim was to investigate the role of shikonin in the growth of human skin cells and collagen production as an aspect of wound healing promotion by an in vitro study. Moreover, we studied the effect of shikonin on NF-κB pathway in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) to elucidate whether NF-κB pathway contributed to anti-inflammatory effect of shikonin.…”

Overexpression of LeMYB1 enhances shikonin formation by up-regulating key shikonin biosynthesis-related genes in Lithospermum erythrorhizon

“…Lithospermum erythrorhizon roots containing shikonin and its derivatives have been widely used for the treatment of wounds, pathogen infections, and tumors (Jang et al 2014) and as natural colorants in food and cosmetic products (Yazaki et al 1999, Yoo et al 2014). The constant increase in a commercial demand for L. erythrorhizon roots and their limited supply from natural resources have promoted the use of biotechnology-based approaches, such as cell or hairy root cultures, for plant conservation and for an enhanced secondary metabolite production (Fujita et al 1981, Shimomura et al 1991, Sykłowska-Baranek et al 2012, Hao et al 2014.…”

Humulus japonicus extract exhibits antioxidative and anti-aging effects via modulation of the AMPK-SIRT1 pathway

“…Previous studies have hypothesized that medicinal plants, such as Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Panax ginseng, Ginkgo biloba and Rhodiola rosea, may exert beneficial effects on cellular senescence and longevity, which are associated with the aging process (31)(32)(33)(34). Although H. japonicus has been described and used as a traditional remedy in Korea and China, limited information is available with regard to the underlying biological activities, active phytochemicals and action mechanisms of this plant.…”