<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> contamination of crops grown on soil treated with sewage sludge cake

Al-Ghazali, M.R.; Al-Azawi, Salwa K.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01557.x

Cited by 60 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…The error bars indicate standard errors (error bars are not shown when the standard error was not larger than the histogram bar). 8 8 3 0 8 ND ND ND ND ND 8 ND ND 90 90 90 90 12 (mature) ND ND ND ND ND 8 8 3 90 8 90 90 a Last sampling time with positive selective enrichment (3,8,30, 60, or 90 days). The limit of detection was 1 CFU g (dry weight) Ϫ1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Control incubations were performed with only soil. In all jars, both control and experimental, carbon mineralized in the form of CO 2 was trapped in 10 ml of 1 M NaOH, which was replaced after 1,3,7,10,14,21, and 28 days of incubation, and was analyzed by colorimetry with a continuous-flow analyzer (Skalar, The Netherlands).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the transfer of microbial pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, from amended soil to fresh agricultural products has been described (3,24,37). Composting is a time-honored biological treatment used for organic wastes; the resulting composts are useful in agriculture and horticulture for improving many soil attributes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Survival of Pathogenic and Sanitation Indicator Bacteria in Experimental Biowaste Composts

Lemunier

Francou

Rousseaux

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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For economic, agricultural, and environmental reasons, composting is frequently used for organic waste recycling. One approach to limiting the potential risk from bacterial food-borne illnesses is to ensure that soil amendments and organic fertilizers are disinfected. However, more knowledge concerning the microbiological safety of composted substrates other than sludge and manure is necessary. Experimental in-vessel biowaste composts were used to study the survival of seeded Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Enteritidis, and Escherichia coli. Four organic waste mixtures, containing various proportions of paper and cardboard, fruits and vegetables, and green waste, were composted in laboratory reactors with forced aeration. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters were monitored for 12 weeks during composting. The survival of bacteria over a 3-month period at 25°C was assessed with samples collected after different experimental composting times. Strain survival was also monitored in mature sterilized composts. Nonsterile composts did not support pathogen growth, but survival of seeded pathogens was observed. Salmonella serovar Enteritidis survived in all composts, and longer survival (3 months) was observed in mature composts (8 and 12 weeks of composting). Mature biowaste composts may support long-term survival of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis during storage at room temperature. E. coli and L. monocytogenes survival was observed only in 4-week-old composts and never in older composts. Proper composting may prevent long-term survival of E. coli and L. monocytogenes. These results suggest that like composted sewage sludge or manure, domestic waste composts may support pathogen survival. Survival was not related to the physicochemical characteristics of the composts.The presence of pathogens in food and outbreaks of foodassociated diseases can be linked to the poor microbial quality of raw agricultural products (5, 9). Furthermore, the transfer of microbial pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, from amended soil to fresh agricultural products has been described (3,24,37). Composting is a time-honored biological treatment used for organic wastes; the resulting composts are useful in agriculture and horticulture for improving many soil attributes. However, microbial safety of organic amendments and fertilizers used in agriculture is required to prevent colonization by food-borne illness pathogens, like E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. (9). In order to reduce the likelihood of pathogen transfer from waste to fresh produce, several international standards for meeting pathogen limits through composting are available (14, 39). According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) standard, class A composts must not exceed maximal limits for either Salmonella spp. (less than 3 most probable numbers [MPN]/4 g) or thermotolerant coliforms (less than 1,000 MPN/g) (39). A draft of a forthcomin...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Survival of Pathogenic and Sanitation Indicator Bacteria in Experimental Biowaste Composts

Lemunier

Francou

Rousseaux

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Nevertheless the results reported here may be of interest to both the food industry and laboratory workers, where there is the potential to create aerosols. Similarly in farming communities, where the spraying of fields with raw sewage, sewage sludge or manure for fertilization is advocated, since listeria has been isolated from these environments [18]. The possible infection of livestock via this route should not be excluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of aerosol and intragastric routes of infection withListeriaspp

et al. 1994

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SUMMARYAerosol infection (Al) of Porton outbred mice with Listeria species, exhibiting varying degrees of virulence, was compared with gastric intubation (GI) on the basis of numbers of deaths, 50% lethal dose (LD50) and pattern of listerial infection. The Al route appeared to be more sensitive, efficient and consistent than GI in that it required 105 fewer micro-organisms to obtain infection and death then ensued within 4 days, with GI deaths usually occurring on day 7. All the virulent strains tested caused 100 % mortality by AI, while virulent and avirulent strains were indistinguishable by GI. Bacterial counts in the livers and spleens of infected mice were consistent with the relative virulence of the infectious agent using AI but not in GI mice. There were higher numbers of micro-organisms and more widespread lesions in the organs of AI mice than in GI. Results indicate that Al is an accurate in vivo indicator of virulence in listeria and using Al, bacterial counts in the liver and spleen could replace LD50 tests, thereby reducing the number of animals required for in vivo virulence testing.

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“…This bacterium can survive for long periods in soil and crops; it does not lose its virulence during the period on the soil or the environment becoming a health hazard if ingested thru contaminated fresh produce. The route of transmission of Listeria is by the ingestion of contaminated food and water (Al-Ghazali and Al-Azawi, 1990). Salmonella include more than 2500 pathogenic serotypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%