<i>Leptospira</i>Seroprevalence in Domestic Dogs and Cats on the Caribbean Island of Saint Kitts

Pratt, Nicola; Conan, Anne; Rajeev, Sreekumari

doi:10.1155/2017/5904757

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Seroprevalence against Leptospira observed in our study (4.1% positive 95% CI: 2.1-7.18%), fell within the previous intervals described worldwide, 4% to 33.3% [14,16,17,37]. Environmental factors such as outdoor habits, presence of farm animals that may shed leptospires in the neighborhood, prey habits, or even the season of the year (resulting in different levels of exposure to pathogenic leptospires), can explain the broad ranges of antibody prevalence reported in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Leptospira Detection in Cats in Spain by Serology and Molecular Techniques

Murillo

Cuenca

Serrano

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Leptospirosis is the most neglected widespread zoonosis worldwide. In Spain, leptospirosis reports in people and animals have increased lately. Cats can become infected with Leptospira, as well as be chronic carriers. The aim of this study was to determine serological antibody prevalence against Leptospira sp., blood DNA, and shedding of DNA from pathogenic Leptospira species in the urine of cats in Spain. Microagglutination tests (MAT) and blood and urine TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed. Leptospira antibodies were detected in 10/244 cats; with 4.1% positive results (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1–7.18%). Titers ranged from 1:20 to 1:320 (serovars Ballum; Bataviae; Bratislava; Cynopteri; Grippotyphosa Mandemakers; Grippotyphosa Moskva; Pomona; and Proechimys). The most common serovar was Cynopteri. Blood samples from 1/89 cats amplified for Leptospira DNA (1.12%; 95% CI: 0.05–5.41%). Urine samples from 4/232 cats amplified for Leptospira DNA (1.72%; 95% CI: 0.55–4.10%). In conclusion free-roaming cats in Spain can shed pathogenic Leptospira DNA in their urine and may be a source of human infection. Serovars not previously described in cats in Spain were detected; suggesting the presence of at least 4 different species of pathogenic leptospires in the country (L. borgpetersenii; L. interrogans; L. kirschneri; and L. noguchii).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Leptospira Detection in Cats in Spain by Serology and Molecular Techniques

Murillo

Cuenca

Serrano

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…miles, Caribbean island located in the Lesser Antilles region (longitude 17.3434 • N and latitude −62.7559 • W). Considering the animal Leptospira seroprevalence rates on the island, ranging from 4% in cats to 80% in cattle [8,9], we set a sample size of a minimum of 9 rats at a 99% confidence interval in an infinite population with an assumed prevalence rate of 40% [12]. Sherman and Tomahawk traps were set up overnight at randomly selected sites using monkey chow as bait.…”

Section: Study Location and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) to evaluate the humoral immune response to Leptospira. MAT was performed with a 21 Leptospira serovar panel, as previously described [8]. We screened sera against each of the serovars in the panel at a final dilution of 1:50, and samples showing 50% agglutination were recorded as positive.…”

Section: Detection Of Host Antibody Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Saint Kitts, a small island located in the Caribbean region, human mortality (5.87) and morbidity (107.87) rates per 100,000 population due to Leptospira infections are estimated [1]. Recently, we reported infection and exposure to a diverse set of Leptospira serovars in multiple animal species on the island [7][8][9][10][11]. Yet, there is no data on Leptospira infection in one of the major global reservoir hosts, rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection and Characterization of Leptospira Infection and Exposure in Rats on the Caribbean Island of Saint Kitts

Rajeev

Shiokawa

Llanes

et al. 2020

Animals

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In this study, we detected and characterized Leptospira infection and exposure in rats on the Caribbean island of Saint Kitts for the first time. We detected Leptospira infection in 17/29 (59%), 14/29 (48)%, and 11/29 (38)% of rats by RT-PCR, culture, and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and analysis and serogrouping of 17 Leptospira strains isolated from rats revealed their close relationship with L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 10) and L. borgpetersenii serogroup Ballum (n = 7). WGS, serogrouping, and additional PCR tests on rat kidneys confirmed mixed infections with L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii in the kidneys of three rats. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was positive for 25/29 (87%) of the rats tested, and the response was restricted to serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae {24/29(83%)}, Mankarso {4/29(14%)}, Copenhageni {4/29(14%)}, Grippotyphosa {2/29(7%)}, and Wolffi {1/29(3%)}. Interestingly, there was no agglutinating antibody response to serovar Ballum. We observed a similar pattern in the serologic response using Leptospira isolates obtained from this study with each of the rat sera, with strong response to L. interrogans isolates but minimal reactivity to L. borgpetersenii isolates. Our findings suggest the use of multiple complementary diagnostic tests for Leptospira surveillance and diagnosis to improve the accuracy of the data.

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“…Different serovars are adapted to certain wild and domestic species of animals that serve as their reservoir hosts. It is known that certain species of animals are vulnerable to certain serovars (Ayral et al, 2014;Tagliabue et al, 2016;Pratt et al, 2017) of leptospirosis infection. In cows of the Brazilian Amazon, the commonest serovar is sejro (Guedes et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical parameters of blood in cows in latent course of leptospirosis

Holovakha

Slyusarenko

Petrenko

et al. 2019

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Changes in the biochemical parameters of blood in cows in the latent course of leptospirosis have been studied by the results of the reaction of microagglutination (RMA). The dynamics of biochemical blood parameters is manifested by hyperproteinemia, dysproteinemia, hemolytic anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis, hyperfermentemia, mineral metabolism disorders, in particular hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, indicating the development of hepatopathy which should be classified as hepatocholangitis. It was determined that the pathological process is manifested in all animals for the titer of antibodies to one or another Leptospira serovar. Significant changes from the side of the hepatobiliary system in infested cows for the antibody titer kabura equaling 1:100, polonica 1:200, ballum 1:100, szvajzak 1:100–1:200, bratislava 1:800 and in animals for the titers kabura of 1:100–1:200; polonium 1:100; szvajzak 1:100–1:200; ballum 1:100; bratislava 1:100–1:200. At leptospirosis caused by bratislava and ballum serovars, a disorder of the functional state of the hepatobiliary system, characterized by an increase in the level of total protein, bilirubin, AST, GGTP and ALP activity was diagnosed as the urea, calcium and phosphorus levels in blood decreased. In the case of the latent course of the disease caused by kabura, polonica, szvajzak, ballumand bratislava serovars, a probably higher concentration of bilirubin, activity of aminotransferases (AST and ALAT), GGTP and ALP was determined in comparison to clinically healthy animals. In cows, in the presence of antibody titers kabura 1:100, polonica 1:200, ballum 1:100, szvajzak 1:100–1:200; bratislava 1:800, in 22.2% of cases, we recorded increase in the total protein against the background of dysproteinemia in 50.0–88.9% of animals, and increase in bilirubin in 78.6%, and increase in the activity of blood serum enzymes (AST, ALAT, GGTP, ALP), and also hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia in 33.3–100.0%. The conducted studies indicate that in latent leptospirosis in cows, in addition to etiotropic therapy, one should include in the protocol the pharmacological correction preparations, which would contribute to the restoration of the functional state of the hepatobiliary system.

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LeptospiraSeroprevalence in Domestic Dogs and Cats on the Caribbean Island of Saint Kitts

Cited by 33 publications

References 32 publications

Leptospira Detection in Cats in Spain by Serology and Molecular Techniques

Leptospira Detection in Cats in Spain by Serology and Molecular Techniques

Detection and Characterization of Leptospira Infection and Exposure in Rats on the Caribbean Island of Saint Kitts

Biochemical parameters of blood in cows in latent course of leptospirosis

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