<i>Legionella</i>prevalence and risk of legionellosis in Japanese households

Kuroki, Toshiro; Watanabe, Yuko; Teranishi, Hiroshi; Izumiyama, Shinji; Amemura-Maekawa, Junko; Kura, Fumiaki

doi:10.1017/s0950268817000036

Cited by 57 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…1 Flow diagram of the study selection process efficacy of interventions in RCTs and controlled retrospective studies [39,40]. In addition, Cochrane's Q-test and I 2 index were used for determining heterogeneity [41][42][43]. When I 2 index was lower than 50%, the fixed effect model was used and if I 2 index was higher than 50%, the random effect model was utilized [41,[44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is there any potential management against COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Purpose A recent survey has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has culminated in dramatical and critical treatment particularly in acute infected patients. In fact, this systematic review-meta-analysis was directly pertained to estimation at the efficient value of some clinical managements to confront the COVID-19 infection. Methods Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Scholar databases were searched from inception to July 1, 2020, to identify studies reporting the current treatment process and medications (e.g. hydroxychloroquine, antiviral therapy, convalescent plasma, and immunomodulatory agents) for COVID-19. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to calculate the relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The outcomes of this study were the frequency of negative conversion cases, clinical improvements, mechanical ventilation demand, intensive care unit (ICU) entry, and mortality. The standard treatment refers to the published guidelines and specialist experience which varies in different articles, and the proposed treatment refers to the kind of interest suggested in the included studies. Results A number of 45 articles met the eligibility criteria (out of 6793 articles). Among them, 26 articles involving 3263 patients were included in quantitative analysis. Anti-COVID-19 interventions could significantly increase clinical improvement (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08-1.27; I 2 = 49.8%) and reduce the mortality rate (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35-0.95; I 2 = 74.8%). Although in terms of negative conversion, ICU entry, and mechanical ventilation demand, clinical intervention had no beneficial effect. The clinical effect of immunomodulatory agents (especially tocilizumab and anakinra) was noticeable compared to other medications with RR of 0.22 (95% CI 0.09-0.53; I 2 = 40.9%) for mortality and 1.25 (95% CI 1.07-1.46; I 2 = 45.4%) for clinical improvement. Moreover, Antivirals (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.26; I 2 = 47.0%) and convalescent plasma therapy (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01-1.98; I 2 = 66.6%) had significant beneficial effects on clinical improvement. Conclusion Based on our findings, all the included interventions significantly declined the mortality and enhanced clinical improvements with no effect on negative conversion and mechanical ventilation demand. Especially, immunomodulators and plasma therapy showed favorable outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Cochrane's Q-test and I 2 index were used for determining heterogeneity [41][42][43]. When I 2 index was lower than 50%, the fixed effect model was used and if I 2 index was higher than 50%, the random effect model was utilized [41,[44][45][46][47]. Publication bias was detected using Egger's test [41][42][43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there any potential management against COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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“…Our findings support those from several smaller studies, in which water cultures demonstrated superior sensitivity. [6][7][8] In contrast, another study found that the quantitative yield of Legionella from swabs was greater than water cultures, although qualitative results were not reported. 9 It is theoretically possible that prior swabbing improved the recovery of Legionella from water cultures in this study due to disruption of biofilms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Cultures Are More Sensitive Than Swab Cultures for the Detection of EnvironmentalLegionella

Decker

Harris

Toy

et al. 2017

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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Water cultures were significantly more sensitive than concurrently collected swab cultures (n=2,147 each) in detecting Legionella pneumophila within a Veterans Affairs healthcare system. Sensitivity for water versus swab cultures was 90% versus 30% overall, 83% versus 48% during a nosocomial Legionnaires' disease outbreak, and 93% versus 22% post outbreak. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:108-110.

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“…While the heterogeneity was higher than 50%, the random effect model (REM) was used to estimate the pooled concentration of BTEX in ambient air [ 45 , 48 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Concentration of BTEX in the Air of Tehran: A Systematic Review-Meta Analysis and Risk Assessment

Abtahi

Fakhri

Conti

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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In the current study, the concentration of some pollutants which are categorized as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E), and o-xylenes (o-X), in the air of Tehran was evaluated by the aid of a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Also, the health risk for the exposed population was estimated using the recommended methods by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The rank order based on their concentration in BTEX was benzene (149.18 µg/m3: 31%) > o-xylene (127.16 µg/m3: 27%) > ethylbenzene (110.15 µg/m3: 23%) > toluene (87.97 µg/m3: 19%). The ratio B/T in this study was calculated as 1.69, repressing that both stationary and mobile sources of emission can be considered as the main sources for benzene and toluene. Moreover, strong photochemical activity in Tehran was demonstrated by the high ratio of E/o-X. Meta-regression indicates that the concentration of BTEX has insignificantly (p-value > 0.05) increased over time. The BTEX compounds based on the target hazard quotient (THQ) were ordered as benzene > o-xylene > ethylbenzene > toluene. Percentile 95% of THQ due to benzene (4.973) and o-xylene (1.272) was higher than a value of 1. Percentile 95% excessive cancer risk (ECR) for benzene (1.25 × 106) and ethylbenzene (1.11 × 106) was higher than a value of 1.00 × 106. The health risk assessment indicated that the population of Tehran are at considerable non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks.

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Legionellaprevalence and risk of legionellosis in Japanese households

Cited by 57 publications

References 36 publications

Is there any potential management against COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Is there any potential management against COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Water Cultures Are More Sensitive Than Swab Cultures for the Detection of EnvironmentalLegionella

The Concentration of BTEX in the Air of Tehran: A Systematic Review-Meta Analysis and Risk Assessment

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