<i>Landolphia owariensis</i>leaf extracts reduce parasitemia in<i>Plasmodium berghei-</i>infected mice

Ezike, Adaobi Chioma; Okonkwo, Chinelo Henrietta; Akah, Peter A.; Okoye, Theophine Chinwuba; Nworu, Chukwuemeka S.; Mbaoji, Florence N.; Nwabunike, Ifeoma Amarachukwu; Onyeto, Collins Azubuike

doi:10.3109/13880209.2016.1138970

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The result from this study agrees with a previous study on the methanol extract of the plant leaves which were found to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. 17 Similar phytochemical constituents were also found in another study with a yield of 17.80 % however obtained from the methanol leaf extract. 10 The slight differences in the phytochemical constituents found in the present study as compared to previous studies may be due to differences in the soil quality and composition and also climatic conditions in the different geographical locations where the plant materials used were collected from.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…For example, the acute toxicity of the dried liana bark of the plant was evaluated in Wistar rats and the LD50 was found to be above 5,000 mg/Kg. 29 The methanol leaf extract of the plant was similarly found to have an LD50 of greater than 5,000 mg/Kg 17 while the aqueous leaf extract of the plant was found to © 2023 the authors. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License have an LD50 of 3370 mg/Kg.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…16 The methanol extract of the plant displayed good activity against the plasmodium parasite in a murine model. 17 There are several reports of serious toxicity and adverse effects resulting from the use of herbal medicines. This has been linked to their indiscriminate use on the presumption that since they are of natural origin, they will automatically be less toxic and safe.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparative Acute Oral Toxicity of Landolphia owariensis P. beauv. Leaf Extracts in Wistar Rats

2023

TJNPR

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IntroductionLandolphia owariensis is a climbing herb belonging to the family Apocynaceae. It is well distributed from Guinea to West Cameroon and extends across Central Africa to Sudan, Uganda, and Southern Tanganyika. 1 Of the sixty (60) known species of the Landolphia genus, Landolphia owariensis is recognized as one of the most studied and useful species. 2 It is known as "panukuru" in the Yoruba Language. 3 Microscopic examination of the powdered leaves of L. owariensis showed stomatal cells, starch grains, and fibers are present. 4 Studies on its pharmacological properties have shown it to have a host of diverse activities including antioxidant, 5,6 antiulcer, and antisecretory effects with the leaves. 7 The aqueous, methanol, and chloroform leaf extracts have shown anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties 8 while the ethanol extract of the leaf and root showed antimicrobial activities. 9-11 Similar antimicrobial activity has also been established with the fruits. 12 The root is soaked in local gin and given for the treatment of gonorrhea. 13

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Comparative Acute Oral Toxicity of Landolphia owariensis P. beauv. Leaf Extracts in Wistar Rats

2023

TJNPR

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“…The most common feature motivating the selection of plants to test for antiplasmodial activity is traditional knowledge of use for malaria, for example ( Andrade-Neto et al., 2003 ; Bourdy et al., 2004 ; Bertania et al., 2005 ; Ramalhete et al., 2008 ; Ezike et al., 2016 ; Taek et al., 2021 ). We found that 48% of labelled species are traditionally used for malaria while only 1% of species in the underlying population are traditionally used for malaria.…”

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confidence: 99%

Machine learning enhances prediction of plants as potential sources of antimalarials

et al. 2023

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Plants are a rich source of bioactive compounds and a number of plant-derived antiplasmodial compounds have been developed into pharmaceutical drugs for the prevention and treatment of malaria, a major public health challenge. However, identifying plants with antiplasmodial potential can be time-consuming and costly. One approach for selecting plants to investigate is based on ethnobotanical knowledge which, though having provided some major successes, is restricted to a relatively small group of plant species. Machine learning, incorporating ethnobotanical and plant trait data, provides a promising approach to improve the identification of antiplasmodial plants and accelerate the search for new plant-derived antiplasmodial compounds. In this paper we present a novel dataset on antiplasmodial activity for three flowering plant families – Apocynaceae, Loganiaceae and Rubiaceae (together comprising c. 21,100 species) – and demonstrate the ability of machine learning algorithms to predict the antiplasmodial potential of plant species. We evaluate the predictive capability of a variety of algorithms – Support Vector Machines, Logistic Regression, Gradient Boosted Trees and Bayesian Neural Networks – and compare these to two ethnobotanical selection approaches – based on usage as an antimalarial and general usage as a medicine. We evaluate the approaches using the given data and when the given samples are reweighted to correct for sampling biases. In both evaluation settings each of the machine learning models have a higher precision than the ethnobotanical approaches. In the bias-corrected scenario, the Support Vector classifier performs best – attaining a mean precision of 0.67 compared to the best performing ethnobotanical approach with a mean precision of 0.46. We also use the bias correction method and the Support Vector classifier to estimate the potential of plants to provide novel antiplasmodial compounds. We estimate that 7677 species in Apocynaceae, Loganiaceae and Rubiaceae warrant further investigation and that at least 1300 active antiplasmodial species are highly unlikely to be investigated by conventional approaches. While traditional and Indigenous knowledge remains vital to our understanding of people-plant relationships and an invaluable source of information, these results indicate a vast and relatively untapped source in the search for new plant-derived antiplasmodial compounds.

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“…Screening of chemical composition of medicinal plants revealed that they contain different bioactive compounds which include saponins, tannins, and alkaloids [ 19 ]. The main functional classes of phytochemicals with therapeutic potential include antioxidants, anticancer agents, immunity-potentiating agents, detoxifying agents, and neuropharmacological agents [ 17 ].…”

Section: Phytochemical Constituents Of Medicinal Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Importance of Medicinal Plants in Nigeria

Ugboko

Nwinyi

Oranusi

et al. 2020

The Scientific World Journal

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Despite the success of antibiotic discovery, infectious diseases remain the second leading source of death worldwide, while the resistance to antibiotics is among the significant problems in the twenty-first century. Medicinal plants are very rich in phytochemicals which can be structurally optimized and processed into new drugs. Nigeria enjoys a diverse collection of medicinal plants, and joint research has ascertained the efficacy of these plants. Plants such as guava (Psidium guajava), ginger (Zingiber officinale), neem (Azadirachta indica), and moringa (Moringa oleifera) have been found to exhibit broad range of antimicrobial activities. Studies on Nigerian plants have shown that they contain alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenes, glycosides, and others with possible therapeutic potentials. The antimicrobial activities of some new compounds such as alloeudesmenol, hanocokinoside, orosunol, and 8-demethylorosunol, identified from medicinal plants in Nigeria, are not yet explored. Further investigation and optimization of these compounds will facilitate the development of new sets of pharmacologically acceptable antimicrobial agents. This review study revealed the efficacy of medicinal plants as an alternative therapy in combating and curtailing the development and survival of multidrug-resistant pathogens coupled with the toxic effects of some antibiotics. Due to enormous therapeutic possibilities buried in medicinal plants, there is a need for more research into unique fingerprints and novel compounds that can provide cure to the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) of humans and animals facing Africa, especially Nigeria.

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Landolphia owariensisleaf extracts reduce parasitemia inPlasmodium berghei-infected mice

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Comparative Acute Oral Toxicity of Landolphia owariensis P. beauv. Leaf Extracts in Wistar Rats

Comparative Acute Oral Toxicity of Landolphia owariensis P. beauv. Leaf Extracts in Wistar Rats

Machine learning enhances prediction of plants as potential sources of antimalarials

Antimicrobial Importance of Medicinal Plants in Nigeria

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