Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Oat Beta‐Glucan Regulated Fatty Acid Profiles along the Gut‐Liver‐Brain Axis of Mice Fed with High Fat Diet and Demonstrated Antioxidant and Anti‐Inflammatory Potentials

Abstract

Scope This study takes a novel approach to investigate the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects of prebiotic oat beta‐glucan (OAT) and the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) against high‐fat diets (HFD) by examining the fatty acid profiles in the gut‐liver‐brain axis. Method and Results HFD‐fed C57BL/6N mice are supplemented with OAT and/or LGG for 17 weeks. Thereafter, mass spectrometry‐based targeted lipidomics is employed to quantify short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and oxidized PUFA products in the tissues. Acetate levels are suppressed by HFD in all tissues but reversed in the brain and liver by supplementation with LGG, OAT, or LGG + OAT, and in cecum content by LGG. The n‐6/n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio is elevated by HFD in all tissues but is lowered by LGG and OAT in the cecum and the brain, and by LGG + OAT in the brain, suggesting the anti‐inflammatory property of LGG and OAT. LGG and OAT synergistically, but not individually attenuate the increase in non‐enzymatic oxidized products, indicating their synbiotic antioxidant property. Conclusion The regulation of the fatty acid profiles by LGG and OAT, although incomplete, but demonstrates their anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant potentials in the gut‐liver‐brain axis against HFD.

Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 Isolated From Ageratina adenophora Alleviates the Intestinal Structure and Integrity Damage Associated With Gut Dysbiosis in Mice Fed High Fat Diet

“…Our results showed that Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 reduced the MDA levels and increased the SOD, CAT, and GSH activity in the serum. This result is consistent with a previous study by Yau et al (2020) which reported that, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG could improve the antioxidant capacity of mice fed high fat diet.…”

Usefulness of Probiotics in the Management of NAFLD: Evidence and Involved Mechanisms of Action from Preclinical and Human Models

“…In general, the majority of these studies have addressed the effects of specific probiotic strains in animals challenged by diets leading to NAFLD. In this line, the administration of several probiotic strains (mainly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium ) has been shown to be effective in reducing liver lipid accumulation under dietary conditions providing 40 to 65% of energy as fat [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Moreover, this effect is also maintained when excessive hepatic lipid accumulation is mediated by dietary conditions providing high sugar intakes (10 to 30% of energy as fructose).…”

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Gut Microbiota and Attenuate Inflammatory in DSS-Induced Colitis Mice

“…A number of studies showed that L. rhamnosus GG had remarkable effects on inflammation and infection [15,16]. Whether LGG-EVs have anti-inflammatory effects on colitis remains unknown.…”