Lactobacillus plantarum J26 postbiotics alleviate high‐fat and high‐cholesterol diet‐induced hypercholesterolemia via regulating the LXRα‐CYP7A1‐bile acid‐excretion pathway

Abstract

Postbiotics have received increasing interest for their storage stability and safety compared to probiotics, as well as their potential functionality. In this study, edible Lactobacillus plantarum J26 postbiotics (J26P) were prepared by spray drying using skimmed milk as the medium, and 1113 compounds were identified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cholesterol lowering effect of J26P on hypercholesterolemic mice induced by a high‐fat and high‐cholesterol diet (HCD). The results suggest that J26P significantly alleviated weight gain and appetite reduction in HCD mice. J26P also improved serum and liver biochemical parameters at various levels, including lower total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) in the serum, and TC, TG, LDL‐C, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase in the liver, and increase high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum and liver. Moreover, liver histopathologic examinations revealed that J26P significantly inhibited fat accumulation and degeneration in hypercholesterolemic mice and increased the expression of liver uncoupling protein 1. Furthermore, the J26P intervention effectively promoted the reduction of cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic mice via the LXRα‐CYP7A1‐bile acid‐excretion pathway, which was corroborated by the increased fecal total cholesterol and fecal total bile acid levels. This work provided a theoretical basis for the industrial development of postbiotics and the alleviation of hypercholesterolemia and its complications.

Unraveling the Genetic Adaptations in Cell Surface Composition and Transporters of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum for Enhanced Acid Tolerance

“…This strain has been associated with various fermented products, such as fermented chayote, chili pepper, milk, passion fruit beverages, and quinoa. − The L. plantarum, renowned for its versatile probiotic properties, plays a crucial role in various sectors, such as the food industry, feed production, and clinical medicine . However, as an industrialized strain and a probiotic within the human digestive tract, L.…”

“…1−5 The L. plantarum, renowned for its versatile probiotic properties, plays a crucial role in various sectors, such as the food industry, feed production, and clinical medicine. 6 However, as an industrialized strain and a probiotic within the human digestive tract, L. plantarum inevitably faces numerous stresses from the external environment. 7 These stresses encompass acid stress and freezing stress during formulation, as well as encounters with gastric acid and bile salts within the human gastrointestinal system.…”

Research on the effects of intestinal FXR agonists and antibiotics on the regulation of red kidney bean polysaccharides in the liver metabolism in mice with type 2 diabetes

“…Bile acids (BAs) are steroidal substances synthesised from cholesterol by the liver, which bind to plasma proteins and enter the circulation, where they are distributed to organs throughout the body. Approximately 95% of BA is reabsorbed in the ileum and recirculated back to the liver, and FXR is a key regulator of the hepatic‐intestinal circulation of bile acids (Zheng et al, 2023). Previous findings by X et al (Zheng et al, 2021) showed that porcine bile acid analogues in the ileum activate both TGR5 and inhibit FXR, promote intestinal GLP‐1 synthesis and secretion, and lower blood glucose.…”