Lactobacillus plantarum Combined with Galactooligosaccharides Supplement: A Neuroprotective Regimen Against Neurodegeneration and Memory Impairment by Regulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids and the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling Pathway in Mice

Abstract

Probiotics and prebiotics have received attention in alleviating neurodegenerative diseases. Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) 69-2 was combined with galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and supplemented in a D-galactose (D-gal)-induced neurodegeneration and memory impairment mice model to explore its effects on the brain and the regulation of short-chain fatty acids. The results showed that the L. plantarum-GOS supplementation inhibited D-gal-induced oxidative stress and increased the brain's nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels. Butyrate, a metabolite of the gut microbiota regulated by L. plantarum combined with GOS, inhibits p-JNK expression, downregulates pro-apoptotic proteins expression and the activation of inflammatory mediators, and upregulates synaptic protein expression. This might be a potential mechanism for L. plantarum 69-2 combined with GOS supplementation to alleviate D-gal-induced neurodegeneration and memory impairment. This study sheds new light on the development of aging-related neuroprotective dietary supplements based on the gut−brain axis.

Physicochemical Properties, Stability and Texture of Soybean-Oil-Body-Substituted Low-Fat Mayonnaise: Effects of Thickeners and Storage Temperatures

“…With the increase in storage temperature, the total bacterial count increased faster because low temperatures inhibited the growth activity of bacteria [ 33 ]. However, when the optimal growth temperature of bacteria is reached, the bacteria will multiply rapidly, thus affecting the quality of mayonnaise [ 34 , 35 ]. In addition, the total bacterial count of SOB-substituted mayonnaise was consistently lower than that of whole-egg mayonnaise during storage.…”

Promoting Effect and Potential Mechanism of Lactobacillus pentosus LPQ1-Produced Active Compounds on the Secretion of 5-Hydroxytryptophan

“…Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) derived from fermented foods are considered natural and safe [ 19 ]. Accordingly, the use of probiotics for the alleviation of neurodegenerative diseases, including depression, have gained attention in recent years [ 20 ]. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus was reported to be closely related to the serum level of 5-HTP [ 21 ].…”

Wheat supplement with buckwheat affect gut microbiome composition and circulate short-chain fatty acids

“…Results of others showed that diets deficient or low in dietary fiber exacerbate colitis development, while greatly high intake of dietary fiber or the acetate protects against colitis ( 43 ). Butyrate was a major energy source for colonic epithelial cells, reduced intestinal mucosal permeability, promoted intestinal barrier restoration, and prevented or reduced the incidence of colon cancer ( 44 ), Butyrate may inhibit the growth of cancerous colonocytes, and energy homeostasis necessary for the rapid cell proliferation of the colonic epithelium ( 45 , 46 ), and propionate had positive effects on metabolic health, such as lowering serum cholesterol ( 47 ). The total content of SCFAs in both WE and WT were very high, which indicated that sweet and tartary buckwheat had completely significant effects on the intestinal health.…”