“…For earlier work on numerical solutions of parabolic integro-differential equations, see for example, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In recent years, several finite element/volume techniques for equations above have been studied, including mixed finite element methods [10][11][12], expanded mixed finite element methods [13,14], expanded mixed covolume methods [15], h p -local discontinous Galerkin methods [16], discontinuous mixed covolume methods [17], and least-squares finite element methods [18].…”