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          eq as a measure of annoyance caused by gunfire consisting of impulses with various proportions of higher and lower sound levels

Vos, Joos; Geurtsen, Frank W. M.

doi:10.1121/1.395256

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…All levels were obtained by averaging the sound energy of the 0.1 s samples. The A-weighted levels of G, T, and BN exceeded 1%, 5%, 10%, 50%, 90%, 95%, and 99% of the time are given in Vos and Geurtsen (1987). Corresponding levels of Table I for G and MG separately.…”

Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 98%

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On the level-dependent penalty for impulse sound

Vos

1990

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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At relatively low A-weighted equivalent levels (Leq), road-traffic sounds are rated to be less annoying than impulse sounds. The differences, however, decrease with increasing Leq of the sounds, which indicates that the penalty for impulse sound seems to be level dependent. It was questioned whether the decrease of the penalty with increasing Leq might, at least partly, have been a consequence of the use of the ten-point rating scale. In experiments 1 and 2, the relevance of the level-dependent correction was therefore studied further by using the method of adjustment. The mean results again showed that, at least for gunfire sounds (small arms), the penalty is level dependent. The drawing of firm conclusions, however, was hampered by a relatively large bias in the adjustments. In addition, the overall size of the penalty was lower than obtained in previous rating experiments. The question about the relevance of the level-dependent penalty was reopened in experiment 3 by applying the method of paired comparison. The results confirm the previous findings obtained with the rating experiments: For gunfire sounds at relatively low indoor Leq values, a penalty of about 10 dB is required, and a penalty lower than 5 dB can be applied only in conditions with rather high sound exposure. The results further showed that especially at indoor Leq values higher than about 45 to 50 dB(A), application of a negative penalty may become relevant for specific sounds such as those produced by the 0.50-in. machine gun. Consequently, acoustic measures from which to predict the value of the penalty are highly needed.

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Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition, (5) a recording of remote-traffic sound served as continuously present background noise (BN). Although with slightly different spectral contents, G, T, and BN had been used in previous experiments (Vos and Smoorenburg, 1985;Vos and Geurtsen, 1987) and were described at length.…”

Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

On the level-dependent penalty for impulse sound

Vos

1990

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…For the prediction of the annoyance caused by road-traffic sounds the usefulness of Leq has been demonstrated in various field and laboratory studies (Buchta and Kastka, 1977a, b;Cermak, 1979;Voigt et al, 1974;Yaniv et al, 1982;Yeowart et al, 1977). For impulse sounds, mild support for the effectiveness of Leq as a predictor of annoyance has been found in a recent laboratory study (Vos and Geurtsen, 1987). At present, we are not aware of a field study on shooting noise in which the question about the utility of Leq could be answered satisfactorily.…”

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confidence: 92%

A field survey on annoyance caused by sounds from small firearms

Buchta

1990

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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In this study, the results of a field survey on annoyance caused by sounds from small firearms are presented. Dose-response relationships were determined for about 400 randomly selected residents around two military and three civil shooting sites. After completion of personal interviews, extensive sound measurements with different time-weightings were carried out. Also, for the same respondents, the subjective effects of road-traffic sounds were determined enabling a comprehensive comparison of dose-response relations for impulse sounds and roadtraffic sounds. The results show that A-weighted equivalent sound-pressure level, Leq, is a better acoustical measure for the prediction of annoyance caused by shooting sounds than the mean"impulse" or "fast" time-weighted levels of individual impulses. The results of a principal components analysis showed that the subjective effects of the shooting sounds could be reduced to one overall psychological dimension with high negative loadings on object-centered and subject-centered annoyances, moderate positive loadings on perceived quality of the environment and high positive loadings on habituation to the impulse sounds. From the comparison of the dose-response relations for shooting and road-traffic sounds, it could be concluded that at least for relatively low and moderate levels, the A-weighted Leq of shooting sound is about 13 dB lower than that of equally annoying road-traffic sound.

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“…Acoustic and non-acoustic factors have been studied for floor impact noise perception. The acoustic factors of the impact noise sources, including the maximum sound pressure level, 7–11 spectral characteristics, 9,12 spatial factors 13–15 and temporal parameters, 16 significantly contribute to the annoyance of floor impact noise. Most experimental studies have not considered the environmental factors in rooms, although floor impact noise cannot be heard alone without interactions with other environmental factors in daily life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of indoor temperature and background noise on floor impact noise perception

Yang

Kim

Moon

2018

Indoor and Built Environment

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This study investigates effects of room air temperature and background noise on the perception of floor impact noises in a room. Floor impact noises were recorded in apartment buildings and were presented in an indoor climate chamber with background noise for subjective evaluation. Thirty-two participants were subjected to all combinations of three thermal conditions (20%C, 25%C, 30%C and relative humidity 50%), four background noise types (Babble, Fan, Traffic and Water), three background noise levels (35 dBA, 40 dBA and 45 dBA) and four floor impact noises (Man Jumping, Children Running, Man Running and Chair Scraping). After a 1-h thermal adaptation period for each thermal condition, the participants were asked to evaluate their thermal and acoustic perceptions. Statistically significant effects were found for the room air temperature and background noise level on the perception of the floor impact noises. Noisiness, loudness and complaints of floor impact noise increased with increasing room temperature and background noise level. Annoyance of floor impact noise showed a peak in acceptable thermal environment for general comfort. Room air temperature was a dominant non-auditory factor contributing to floor impact noise annoyance, while the floor impact noise level influenced the floor impact noise loudness and the floor impact noisiness was almost equally affected by the room temperature, background noise level and floor impact noise level. Further investigation is needed to fully understand the combined perception of floor impact noise under various indoor environmental conditions.

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L eq as a measure of annoyance caused by gunfire consisting of impulses with various proportions of higher and lower sound levels

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

On the level-dependent penalty for impulse sound

On the level-dependent penalty for impulse sound

A field survey on annoyance caused by sounds from small firearms

Effects of indoor temperature and background noise on floor impact noise perception

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