Kytococcus schroeteriBacteremia in a Patient with Hairy Cell Leukemia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract

The Kytococcus genus formerly belonged to Micrococcus. The first report of a Kytococcus schroeteri infection was in 2002 in a patient diagnosed with endocarditis. We report a case of central line associated Kytococcus schroeteri bacteremia in a patient with underlying Hairy Cell Leukemia. Kytococcus schroeteri is an emerging infection in the neutropenic population and in patients with implanted artificial tissue. It is thought to be a commensal bacterium of the skin; however, attempts to culture the bacteria remain unsuccessful. There have been a total of 5 cases (including ours) of K. schroeteri bacteremia in patients with hematologic malignancies and neutropenia and only 18 documented cases in any population. Four of the cases of bacteria in neutropenic patients have been fatal, but early detection and treatment could make a difference in clinical outcomes.

Circulating microbial content in myeloid malignancy patients is associated with disease subtypes and patient outcomes

“…4b, c ) are Dermabacter and Kytococcus, both of which have been reported to infect immunocompromised individuals 40 , 41 . The species Kytococcus schroeteri in particular has been found in multiple patients with myeloid malignancies 42 . Many other genera that contribute to discrimination among subtype (Fig.…”

Postoperative Hardware-Related Infection from Kytococcus schroeteri: Its Association with Prosthetic Material and Hematological Malignancies—A Report of a Case and Review of Existing Literature

“…Our literature review also identified 6 reported cases of Kytococcus pneumonia. Five of these were in conjunction with hematological malignancy (4 AML and 1 hairy cell leukemia) [11–13, 17]. The sixth patient had no hematologic condition but was moderately immunocompromised by taking prednisone 20 mg daily for 2 years for management of refractory asthma [3].…”

Circulating microbial content in myeloid malignancy patients carries diagnostic and prognostic potential

“…Among the genera with the highest VI (Figure 4b,c) are Dermabacter and Kytococcus, both of which are known as opportunistic pathogens frequently affecting immunocompromised individuals 34,35 . The species Kytococcus schroeteri in particular has been found in multiple patients with myeloid malignancies 36 . Many other genera that contribute to discrimination among diagnoses (Figure 4b,c) are known causes of bacteremia, e.g., Staphylococcus, Streptomyces, Rothia, Gordonia, and Pandoraea, among others.…”