Karlodinium zhouanum, a new dinoflagellate species from China, and molecular phylogeny of Karenia digitata and Karenia longicanalis (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae)

Luo, Zhaohe; Wang, Lei; Chan, Leo Lai; Lü, Songhui; Gu, Haifeng

doi:10.2216/17-106.1

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The morphology of the ECS strains was examined and photographed using SEM according to the method of Luo et al . (). Briefly, 600 μl of cultures in the exponential phase were fixed with 200 μl of 4% OsO 4 (v/v, in filtered seawater) for 1 h. The fixed cells were attached to poly‐Llysine (molecular weight 70 000–150 000) coated coverslips by placing the samples on coverslips for 30 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The dinoflagellate Karlodinium zhouanum (Gymnodiniales) is a recently described species in the coastal areas of China (Luo et al . ). This species is similar to K. veneficum , a toxic species that has caused massive aquaculture losses (Place et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Karlodinium zhouanum has been reported from the South China Sea and Yellow Sea of China (Luo et al . ). The ITS sequence of K. zhouanum was identical to that of the Korean strain KAMS0708, which was found to be a sister clade of K. veneficum with maximal support in molecular phylogenetic analysis (Luo et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The ITS sequence of K. zhouanum was identical to that of the Korean strain KAMS0708, which was found to be a sister clade of K. veneficum with maximal support in molecular phylogenetic analysis (Luo et al . ). In this study, we report the unique eco‐physiological and biochemical profiles of K. zhouanum strains newly isolated from the East China Sea (ECS) area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Biochemical characteristics support the recently described species Karlodinium zhouanum (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae)

Zhu

Zhou

Meng

et al. 2019

Phycological Research

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SUMMARY The small athecate dinoflagellate Karlodinium zhouanum is a species recently described in the coastal waters of China. K. zhouanum is morphologically similar to Karlodinium veneficum, a typical ichthyotoxic blooming karlotoxin‐producing species, and it is impossible to distinguish between these two species based on light microscopy. In this study, strains of K. zhouanum isolated from the East China Sea were studied. By analyzing toxins, toxicity, lipid characteristics and typical molecular and physiological traits of this species, K. zhouanum was shown to be nontoxic to brine shrimp and widely spread over the coastal waters of China. No karlotoxin‐like toxin was detected by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Instead of gymnodinosterol, the critical sterol in toxic K. veneficum, 27(nor)‐24S‐4α‐Methyl‐5α‐ergosta‐8(14)‐en‐3β‐ol (NEE) was dominant in K. zhouanum, while gymnodinosterol was absent. These sterol characteristics may provide not only support for the species separation between toxic and nontoxic species of Karlodinium but also environmental survey tools to differentiate the contribution of nontoxic Karlodinium strains, which has been unclear until now.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Biochemical characteristics support the recently described species Karlodinium zhouanum (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae)

Zhu

Zhou

Meng

et al. 2019

Phycological Research

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“…in the GMR is reported. There are at least 12 species described within the genus Karlodinium (Luo et al, 2018). Some species have been associated to fish kills: K. armiger (Garcés et al, 2006), K. australe (Lim et al, 2014), K. conicum (de Salas et al, 2008), K. corsicum (Paulmier et al, 1995), K. gentienii (Nézan et al, 2014), and K. veneficum (Place et al, 2012).…”

Section: Harmful Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Dinoflagellate Assemblage in the Galápagos Marine Reserve

et al. 2019

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Who is the “murderer” of the bloom in coastal waters of Fujian, China, in 2019?

et al. 2019

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On May 24-29, 2019, a bloom occurring in Pingtan coastal areas of Fujian Province caused mass mortality of cage-cultured fi sh (Plectorhinchus cinctus and Pagrosomus major). During the bloom, two major causative organisms were present: Prorocentrum donghaiense (at a concentration of 1.46×10 7 cells/L) and an unknown naked dinofl agellate (4.58×10 6 cells/L). The naked dinofl agellate was isolated and cultured in this study, and its morphological features were examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The large subunit (LSU) of the rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the naked dinofl agellate were also sequenced for fi eld bloom samples and lab culture strains (PT-A and PT-B). On the basis of its morphological characteristics and molecular sequences, the unknown naked dinofl agellate was identifi ed as Karlodinium digitat um. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the K arl. digitat um was most closely related to Karlodinium austral e and Karlodinium armiger , and the three species clustered into a single clade of Karlodinium with bootstrap/posterior probability values of 95%/0.99 and 86%/0.99 inferred from LSU and ITS sequences, respectively. Karl. digitatum was fi rst reported as Karenia digitata , a new harmful algal species bloomed in Hong Kong, China, in 1998. In present study, we gave a detailed morphological and phylogenetic description of Karl. digitatum and submitted the molecular sequences of this species to GenBank for the fi rst time.

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Karlodinium zhouanum, a new dinoflagellate species from China, and molecular phylogeny of Karenia digitata and Karenia longicanalis (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae)

Cited by 32 publications

References 46 publications

Biochemical characteristics support the recently described species Karlodinium zhouanum (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae)

Biochemical characteristics support the recently described species Karlodinium zhouanum (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae)

Marine Dinoflagellate Assemblage in the Galápagos Marine Reserve

Who is the “murderer” of the bloom in coastal waters of Fujian, China, in 2019?

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