Ixeris dentataNAKAI Reduces Clinical Score and HIF-1 Expression in Experimental Colitis in Mice

Abstract

Ixeris dentata (ID) is an herbal medicine used in Asian countries to treat indigestion, pneumonia, hepatitis, contusions, and tumors; however, its effect on intestinal inflammation is unknown. Thus, we investigated the effect of ID in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of colitis in female BALB/c mice; animals were evaluated after seven days of DSS treatment. DSS-treated mice showed considerable clinical signs, including weight loss, reduced colon length, colonic epithelial injury, infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colon tissue, and upregulation of inflammatory mediators. However, administration of ID attenuated body weight loss, colon shortening, and the increase in disease activity index score. ID also significantly decreased the colonic mucosal injury and the number of infiltrating mast cells. Moreover, ID inhibited the expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in colon tissue. Taken together, the results provide experimental evidence that ID might be a useful therapy for patients with ulcerative colitis.

<i>Ixeris dentata</i> (Thunb) Nakai Ethylacetate Extract Attenuates Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Proteins-1c via AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activation

“…The flowering time is from May to July and the flowers are ligulate and yellow [1]. This plant grows to height of about 25-50 cm [2]. The young sprouts of this species had been used as a famous bitter appetizing vegetable in Korea.…”

“…Since early times, both shoots and roots of ID have been used as plant-based foods such as kimchi and salad in Korea, and ID juice has been used to treat adult diseases [2]. More recently, secondary metabolites of ID have been known to possess anticancer, antistress, antiallergic, and antioxidant properties.…”

“…A number of proteins associated with dyslipidemia have been reported to play important roles in lipogenesis, including fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) [2]. FAS are a multiple enzyme complex that catalyzes the synthesis of palmitate from acetyl-C glucose and malonyl-C glucose.…”

“…In previous study, ID contained approximately 4 mg/g of caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxy cinamic acid) [2]. Approximately 20 types of sesquiterpene and other compounds have been isolated from ID.…”

“…Among these main compounds, inhibitory effects of luteolin, chlorogenic acid, and tectroside on allergic inflammation had already been reported. The major active components of ID are phenolic constituents [2,3].…”