<i>Isotopic Carbon</i>

Calvin, Melvin; Heidelberger, Charles; Reid, James C.; Tolbert, Bert M.; Yankwich, Peter E.; Aebersold, Paul C.

doi:10.1063/1.3066791

Cited by 29 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…The photosynthetic production of ^C-glucose is a modification of a method used for preparing l^C-glucose (398) and was first reported in 1971 (267)(268). The approach involves the recirculation of 11 The separation of sugar phosphates from ^-C-glucose and fructose is accomplished by ion exchange chromatography after which ^C-glucose is separated from ^-C-fructose by high pressure liquid chromatography (269)(270).…”

Section: Specific Activity and Stoichiometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of carbon-11, fluorine-18, and nitrogen-13 labeled radiotracers for biomedical applications

Fowler¹,

Wolf²

1981

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l i t e r a t u r e of organic s y n t h e s e s i n general a n d t h e second a guide t o t h e l i t e r a t u r e on organic s y n t h e s e s w i t h p o s i t r o n e m i t t e r s i n p a r t i c u l a r .After a general i n t r o d u c t i o n r e l a t i n g t h e p h y s i c a l p r o p e r t i e s of t h e t h r e e p o s i t r o n emitters a n d t h e i r importance i n p o s i t r o n emission t r a n s a x i a l tomography ( P E T T ) , t h e general c o n s i d e r a t i o n s i n t h e design of r a d i d t r a c e r s a r e d i s c u s s e d .T h i s i n c l u d e s t h e choice a n d position of t h e l a b e l p e r t a i n i n g t o t h e use of t h e r a d i o t r a c e r , which of c o u r s e a r e fundamental c o n s i d e r a t i o n s for a n y s t u d i e s with t r a c e r compounds. The arrangement of t h e t e x t in t h e next s e c t i o n on Radiotracer S y n t h e s i s may have been improved b y not confronting t h e r e a d e r s o e a r l y w i t h t a b l e s of l a b a l l e d compounds. T h i s s e c t i o n c o n s i d e r s t h e s y n t h e t i c s t r a t e g i e s t o be a d o p t e d , t h e a v a i l a b i l i t y of a p p r o p r i a t e p r e c u r s o r s , optimisation of r e a c t i o n r a t e s , s p e c i f i c a c t i v i t y a n d stoichiometry . When e x p r e s s i n g y i e l d s a n d s p e c i f i c a c t i v i t i e s t h e Authors r i g h t l y draw a t t e n t i o n to t h e use of EOB ( e n dof c y c l o t r o n or a c c e l e r a t o r bombardment) a n d EOS ( e n d of s y n t h e s i s ) a s r e f e r e n c e p o i n t s , t h u s e l i m i n a t i n g a m b i g u i t i e s r e l a t i n g to s y n t h e s i s time f o r example.

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Section: Specific Activity and Stoichiometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of carbon-11, fluorine-18, and nitrogen-13 labeled radiotracers for biomedical applications

Fowler¹,

Wolf²

1981

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“…frequently desirable to count samples of tissue extracts directly. The liquid is commonly applied to glass, aluminum, nickel, or stainless-steel planchets as a drop, or, by use of a sample spinner, as a spiral line (Calvin et al, 1949). Smith (1958) recently described some simple improvements on this method.…”

Section: Extraction Of Intact Plant Tissue For Plancheting and Countimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30,No.5 Standardization for Direct Counting of Ground Plant Material. Both wet and dry combustion methods are available for analysis of materials containing C 14 (Calvin et al, 1949). Radioactive carbon dioxide is precipitated and counted as barium carbonate.…”

Section: Extraction Of Intact Plant Tissue For Plancheting and Countimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other beta emitters, such as C1 36 and 8 35 , are now being used in an increasing number of situations. General procedures on the use of radioisotopes in biological research have been published (Aronoff, 1956;Boyd, 1955, Calvin et al, 1949Comar, One of the most important limitations in such studies is the time involved in obtaining quantitative results. This report describes a fast, simple method for quantifying data obtained by direct counting of ground plant tissue containing the radioactive herbicide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The adaptation of qualitative and quantitative techniques for determination of radioactive dalapon in plant tissues

Foy¹

1960

Hilg

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In studying the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid) in relation to phytotoxicity, a number of simplified techniques were developed, and other established procedures were usefully modified. The techniques of autoradiography, extraction and fractionation, counting, and paper partition cochromatography were effectively combined, thus permitting qualitative and quantitative determination of distribution patterns and, to some extent, of the metabolic fate of translocated herbicides. Although this report is concerned specifically with dalapon, the approach employed -w ith that compound should be applicable, with minor changes, to the study of others.Physiological findings resulting from application of these techniques will be published separately.3 In many instances, however, the maximum benefit from these valu.. able research tools is not realized. Too often, for example, the sole approach used by plant scientists is that of gross autoradiography. That technique, although put to excellent use in the past (Arnon et al., 1940;Boyd, 1955; Colwell, 1942;Crafts, 1953Crafts, , 1956 and variously improved in more recent herbicidal studies (Pallas and Crafts, 1957; Yamaguchi and Crafts, 1958), permits only semiquantitative interpretation of results, and does not characterize the translocated radioactive substance(s) either as the original herbicide or some degradation products thereof. Moreover, when counting is done, the data are usually expressed in relative rather than absolute terms. Results are often more meaningful if several approaches are used concurrently.In recent studies on the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (dalapon) in relation to phytotoxicity, the techniques of (a) autoradiography, (b) extraction and fractionation, (c) counting, and (d) paper partition cochromatography were effectively combined. This combination of techniques permits the determination of distributional patterns and, to some extent, the metabolic fate of translocated herbicides, both qualitatively and quantitatively.

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“…mercuric oxide (3 g.) was added and the solution was refluxed in a stream of N2 for 2 hr. in order to convert the formic acid formed initially into CO2 (Calvin, Heidelberger, Reid, Tolbert & Yankwich, 1949). The CO2 was precipitated as BaCO3 (yield 91% of the theoretical), which on assay proved to be inactive.…”

Section: Isotopically Labelled Compounds Were Purchased Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies in the biosynthesis of fungal metabolites. The biosynthesis of palitantin

Chaplen

Thomas

1960

Biochemical Journal

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Isotopic Carbon

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Synthesis of carbon-11, fluorine-18, and nitrogen-13 labeled radiotracers for biomedical applications

Synthesis of carbon-11, fluorine-18, and nitrogen-13 labeled radiotracers for biomedical applications

The adaptation of qualitative and quantitative techniques for determination of radioactive dalapon in plant tissues

Studies in the biosynthesis of fungal metabolites. The biosynthesis of palitantin

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