“…Students reported that they were more interested, engaged, and attentive when an ARS was used during lectures (Preszler, Dawe, Shuster, & Shuster, 2007;Simpson & Oliver, 2007). Students also reported that the use of ARSs encouraged class engagement and student-faculty exchange, reinforced key concepts, challenged metacognition, and validated student comprehension, as the discussion of answer choices was beneficial to support learning (Laxman, 2011;Lee & Dapremont, 2012;Revell & McCurry, 2010;Russell, McWilliams, Chasen, & Farley, 2011). According to current studies, one of the key benefits of using an ARS was the ability to obtain accurate real-time assessment of class understanding, and instruction could be modified contingent upon student assessment gathered at strategic points within a lecture (Efstathiou & Bailey, 2012;Heaslip, 2014).…”