In Vivo Studies of 3D Starch–Gelatin Scaffolds for Full-Thickness Wound Healing

Abstract

In this study, we have combined the wound-healing properties of two biodegradable polymers, viz., starch and gelatin, and have reinforced their mechanical strength through cross-linking. Further, scaffolds of this polymer combination were used to support an organotypic culture of human skin for wound healing. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) were isolated and were seeded on the scaffolds on days 1 and 7, respectively. The scaffold was then air-lifted to develop a stratified epidermal layer. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical analysis ascertained that the histology of the skin organotypic culture was similar to that of the human skin. For in vivo animal investigations, the scaffolds were transplanted in a full-thickness wound mouse model, as a one-step procedure, wherein the artificial skin substitute showed the presence of well-defined epidermis and formation of stratum basale by day 14. By combining the inherent properties of both the materials, we have synthesized a cost-effective porous scaffold with good mechanical strength and excellent biocompatibility that can be easily adapted for commercial use. The aforementioned scaffold may integrate with the surrounding tissue, accelerate wound closure, and promote tissue reorganization and remodeling.

Bionanofactories for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Toward Antimicrobial Applications

“…Different parts of the plant including leaves, stem, bark, root, fruit, and flower can be selected for this new ecofriendly approach of synthesis. This vast range of phytochemicals includes Aloe vera plant extract [ 20 ], Mangifera indica fruit extract [ 21 ], Murraya koenigii leaf [ 22 ], and others carbohydrates [ 23 ]. Glucose was also utilized to synthesize AgNPs along with the appearance of stabilizing agents such as soluble starch [ 5 , 24 , 25 ], sucrose, and maltose [ 26 ].…”

Biofabrication of nanoparticles: sources, synthesis, and biomedical applications

“…Plant waste materials are being researched for their potent use in nanotechnology, which can be useful for nontoxic and biodegradable nanoparticle synthesis ( Saratale et al, 2018 ; Chhabra et al, 2020 ). The different byproducts of plant metabolism can be applied for the synthesis of nanoparticles such as gums, resins, and biowaste of sugar crystallization “molasses.” Asafoetida and Acacia can be employed in the green synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles, which show applications in the treatment of resistant antimicrobial infections and periodontal diseases ( Devanesan et al 2020 ).…”

Three‐dimensional starch‐based scaffold decorated with 64S bio‐glass for accelerating rat model bone defect repair

“…Biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non‐toxicity are some of the reasons why starch (ST) is preferred over other polymers for food packaging, drug release, and tissue engineering applications 21–24 . Although the hydrophilic nature of ST encourages cell growth and proliferation, it reduces the structural integrity and consequently the mechanical strength 25–27 . Hence, in this communication, quail egg shell powder (QE) was utilized to overcome this limitation.…”

“…[21][22][23][24] Although the hydrophilic nature of ST encourages cell growth and proliferation, it reduces the structural integrity and consequently the mechanical strength. [25][26][27] Hence, in this communication, quail egg shell powder (QE) was utilized to overcome this limitation. QE contain high amounts of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), which in addition to strengthening properties, due to the presence of elements, such as Mg 2+ , Sr 2+ , and Si 2+ , can have a high ability to repair bone tissue.…”