In Vivo Glutamate Sensing inside the Mouse Brain with Perovskite Nickelate–Nafion Heterostructures

Abstract

Glutamate, one of the main neurotransmitters in the brain, plays a critical role in communication between neurons, neuronal development, and various neurological disorders. Extracellular measurement of neurotransmitters such as glutamate in the brain is important for understanding these processes and developing a new generation of brain–machine interfaces. Here, we demonstrate the use of a perovskite nickelate–Nafion heterostructure as a promising glutamate sensor with a low detection limit of 16 nM and a response time of 1.2 s via amperometric sensing. We have designed and successfully tested novel perovskite nickelate–Nafion electrodes for recording of glutamate release ex vivo in electrically stimulated brain slices and in vivo from the primary visual cortex (V1) of awake mice exposed to visual stimuli. These results demonstrate the potential of perovskite nickelates as sensing media for brain–machine interfaces.

A Flexible Electrochemical Biosensor Based on NdNiO3 Nanotubes for Ascorbic Acid Detection

“…Thus, there is the oxidation of AA to produce DHAA by reducing Ni 3+ to Ni 2+ of NNO NTs (Figure e). A similar behavior has been reported for glucose detection, which has shown that the NdNiO 3 -based biosensors can serve as a sensitive platform for chemical transduction. ,, …”

“…Also, the electronic properties of these oxides can be tuned by varying their microstructure, strain, and defects . Thus, nickelate’s tunable electronic properties have enabled the exploration of numerous potential applications in electronics, − electrocatalysis, − and biosensing. , Electrochemical biosensors based on nickelates have been tested only for glucose detection. Sun et al .…”

“…Thus, nickelate’s tunable electronic properties have enabled the exploration of numerous potential applications in electronics, − electrocatalysis, − and biosensing. , Electrochemical biosensors based on nickelates have been tested only for glucose detection. Sun et al . reported the use of thin films of NdNiO 3 (NNO), a correlated metal at room temperature (RT), in an amperometric biosensor for neurotransmitter sensing.…”

Unusual Role of Point Defects in Perovskite Nickelate Electrocatalysts

“…Perovskite rare-earth nickelate electrocatalyst is an emerging OER catalyst system. , Previous studies have shown that the electrical properties of nickelate are tightly related to the electronic configuration of a NiO 6 octahedron, which can be effectively manipulated by either natural or artificial stimulus. − The partial substitution of an A-site cation and the application of lattice strain can effectively manipulate the Ni–O–Ni bond status, and further, the OER performance. , Herein, we facilely introduce the anionic defect of oxygen vacancies and the cationic defect of a proton (H + ) into the lattice of a single-crystal NdNiO 3 (NNO) thin film by chemical and electrochemical methods, respectively. It is unveiled that the existence of these point defects remarkably suppresses the OER performance, which is rarely observed on most defected perovskite oxides reported before. , By applying a set of characterization studies and first-principles simulations, we discovered that the introduction of point defects suppresses the electron transport across the reaction surface and increases the Ni–O charge-transfer energy which collectively change the rate-determining step (RDS) and enhance the energy barrier of OER.…”

Carrier Doping Physics of Rare Earth Perovskite Nickelates RENiO3

“…5) The (1/4, 1/4, 1/4) antiferromagnetic order breaks down after some critical doping [28]. Many exciting applications have been proposed and realized in these interstitially-doped nickelates, e.g., electronic devices (phase-change transistor) [19,[29][30][31], fuel cells [22], bio-electronic interfaces [32,33], electric field sensor [21], as well as artificial cognitive systems [28,34,35].…”