<i>In vivo</i> functional imaging with SPECT and PET

Herzog, Hans

doi:10.1524/ract.2001.89.4-5.203

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Nuclear imaging techniques such as single-photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are based on the use of tracers labeled with diagnostic radionuclides ( Table 4 ), which can be detected non-invasively by measuring γ-rays emitted during (or shortly after) their decay. Radionuclides used for SPECT imaging decay under direct emission of γ-rays ( 99m Tc) or by electron capture with subsequent emission of γ-rays ( 111 In, 123 I), which are detected by gamma cameras that rotate around the subject [ 57 , 58 , 59 ] ( Figure 10 top left). PET imaging, on the other hand, is performed with a ring of detectors surrounding the subject and radionuclides that emit positrons (β + -particles), which travel a short distance in tissues before they collide with an electron and undergo annihilation ( Figure 10 top right) [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Application Of Nuclear Imaging In the Context Of Sars-covmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter produces a pair of 511 keV γ-rays that are released at almost 180 degrees to each other. Since they strike opposite detectors of the PET scanner, the annihilation event can be localized to a point somewhere along the line of response joining the two detectors [ 57 , 58 , 60 ]. Following a number of pre-processing steps, the data from a large number of events registered during a SPECT or PET scan can be used to reconstruct a cross-sectional image of tracer distribution.…”

Section: Application Of Nuclear Imaging In the Context Of Sars-covmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nuclear Medicine in Times of COVID-19: How Radiopharmaceuticals Could Help to Fight the Current and Future Pandemics

2020

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The emergence and global spread of COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in a continuing pandemic threat to global health. Nuclear medicine techniques can be used for functional imaging of (patho)physiological processes at the cellular or molecular level and for treatment approaches based on targeted delivery of therapeutic radionuclides. Ongoing development of radiolabeling methods has significantly improved the accessibility of radiopharmaceuticals for in vivo molecular imaging or targeted radionuclide therapy, but their use for biosafety threats such as SARS-CoV-2 is restricted by the contagious nature of these agents. Here, we highlight several potential uses of nuclear medicine in the context of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, many of which could also be performed in laboratories without dedicated containment measures. In addition, we provide a broad overview of experimental or repurposed SARS-CoV-2-targeting drugs and describe how radiolabeled analogs of these compounds could facilitate antiviral drug development and translation to the clinic, reduce the incidence of late-stage failures and possibly provide the basis for radionuclide-based treatment strategies. Based on the continuing threat by emerging coronaviruses and other pathogens, it is anticipated that these applications of nuclear medicine will become a more important part of future antiviral drug development and treatment.

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Section: Application Of Nuclear Imaging In the Context Of Sars-covmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Of Nuclear Imaging In the Context Of Sars-covmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Medicine in Times of COVID-19: How Radiopharmaceuticals Could Help to Fight the Current and Future Pandemics

2020

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“…Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are noninvasive functional imaging modalities on a molecular base make use of discrete γ radiation emitted by dedicated radionuclides during their decay process [28,71]. While the coincident two opposed 511-keV γ quants are used in PET imaging, nuclide-specific discrete γ lines in the range of 70-360 keV are used in the SPECT technique.…”

Section: Positron Emission Tomography and Single-photon Emission Compmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive monitoring of tissue-engineered constructs

Frese

Morgenroth

Mertens

et al. 2014

Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik

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Tissue engineering as a multidisciplinary field enables the development of living substitutes to replace, maintain, or restore diseased tissue and organs. Since the term was introduced in medicine in 1987, tissue engineering strategies have experienced significant progress. However, up to now, only a few substitutes were able to overcome the gap from bench to bedside and have been successfully approved for clinical use. Substantial donor variability makes it difficult to predict the quality of tissue-engineered constructs. It is essential to collect sufficient data to ensure that poor or immature constructs are not implanted into patients. The fulfillment of certain quality requirements, such as mechanical and structural properties, is crucial for a successful implantation. There is a clear need for new nondestructive and real-time online monitoring and evaluation methods for tissue-engineered constructs, which are applicable on the biomaterial, tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels. This paper reviews current established nondestructive techniques for implant monitoring including biochemical methods and noninvasive imaging.

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“…This is possible since the sensitivity of a PET system can be as much as a factor 100 higher than for SPECT mainly due to the different principles of collimation. 2,65 Still, the administered radioactivity will be close to the same or even smaller for the PET investigation.…”

Section: Resolution and Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This will probably become more and more important when not just the imaging qualities but also the ability to characterize the tumor in receptor binding and number will be considered important. 2 In spite of the obvious physical advantages with PET, the application of this technique for peptides is not straightforward. Labeling with 11 C gives a time window of about one hour to follow the kinetic of the administrated ligand, which in most cases is to short.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting peptides and positron emission tomography

Lundqvist

Tolmachev

2002

Biopolymers

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Biologically active peptides have during the last decades made their way into conventional nuclear medicine diagnosis using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and gamma-camera. Several clinical trails are also investigating the role of radiolabeled peptides for targeting radionuclide therapy. This has raised the question as to whether positron emission tomography (PET) can be used in order to obtain better quantitative information of the peptide distribution in tumor and healthy organs, i.e., to get a better dosimetry. Positron emitting analogs of the therapeutic radionuclides used have been produced and successfully applied in peptide pharmacokinetic measurements with PET. But the recent boom in (18)FDG-PET ((18)FDG = [(18)F]2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose), and with this a worldwide increasing number of PET systems, has also inspired several research groups to hunt for alternative labels to be used for peptide diagnostics and PET. The rapid kinetic of short peptides agrees well with the short half-lives of standard PET nuclides like (11)C and (18)F. Especially, (18)F appears to be excellent for labeling bioactive peptides due to its favorable physical and nuclear characteristics. However, with present techniques labeling peptides with (18)F is laborious and time-consuming, and is not yet a clinical alternative. Other halogens like (75, 76)Br and (124)I are, from the chemical point of view, easier to apply. But an even better labeling alternative may be positron emitting metal ions like (55)Co, (68)Ga, and (110m)In since they tend to give better intracellular retention and thus a better signal-to-background ratio than the halogen labels. The main drawback with these radionuclides is that they are not readily available. Some of these radionuclides also emit gamma in their decay that may affect the measuring properties of the PET equipment. This article reviews mainly the present situation of production and use of nonconventional positron emitters for peptide labeling.

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In vivo functional imaging with SPECT and PET

Cited by 10 publications

References 59 publications

Nuclear Medicine in Times of COVID-19: How Radiopharmaceuticals Could Help to Fight the Current and Future Pandemics

Nuclear Medicine in Times of COVID-19: How Radiopharmaceuticals Could Help to Fight the Current and Future Pandemics

Nondestructive monitoring of tissue-engineered constructs

Targeting peptides and positron emission tomography

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