In Vivo Antihypertensive Activity and UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS Profiling of Cuphea ignea A. DC.

Abstract

Cuphea ignea A. DC. is an ornamental tropical plant belonging to the family Lythraceae. The aim of this study is to verify the in vivo antihypertensive potential of C. ignea A. DC. and to explore its metabolic profile using a UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS technique. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of the leaves in two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt.) significantly normalized the elevated systolic blood pressure in N(G)-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester-induced hypertension in rats. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) concentration was significantly decreased by the high dose extract compared to lisinopril. Nitric oxide (NO) level was significantly restored by both doses. Concerning the oxidative stress parameters, both doses displayed significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) level while the high dose restored elevated glutathione level. These biochemical results were clearly supported by the histopathological examination of the isolated heart and aorta. A UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS study was represented by a detailed metabolic profile of leaves and flowers of C. ignea A. DC., where 53 compounds were identified among which flavonoids, fatty acids, and hydrolysable tannins were the major identified classes. This study established scientific evidence for the use of C. ignea A. DC., a member of genus Cuphea as a complementary treatment in the management of hypertension.

Biostimulants for Sustainable Food Production: Effects of Wood Distillate to Fortify Chickpea Flour for Development of Functional Bakery Products

“…A similar fragmentation pattern was observed for soyasaponin Be (peaks 92 , 97 , 105 C 48 H 76 O 18 , m / z 941), which gave fragmented ions at m / z 795 [C 48 H 76 O 18 –dHex] + , m / z 633 [C 48 H 76 O 18 –dHex–Hex] + , and m / z 615 [C 48 H 76 O 18 –dHex–Hex– H 2 O] + . , Maackiain (peaks 125 and 129 ) showed a precursor ion at m / z 284 (C 16 H 12 O 5 ) and generated MS/MS base fragment ions at m / z 151 [M + H – C 8 H 7 O 2 ] + , m / z 138 [M + H – C 9 H 7 O 2 ] + , and m / z 109 [M + H – C 10 H 7 O 3 ] + . Two fatty acid amides were identified: oleamide (peak 134 ), which showed a precursor ion at m / z 282 [M + H] + and the most common fragments associated were m / z 265 [M + H – H 2 O] + and m / z 247 [M + H – 2H 2 O] + , and erucamide (peak 136 ) ( m / z 338, C 22 H 43 NO), which exhibited a similar fragmentation pattern, wherein two consecutive losses of water molecules were observed, leading to the formation of two fragments at m / z 321 [M + H – H 2 O] + and m / z 303 [M + H – 2H 2 O] + …”