In VitroVitamin K₃Effect on Conjunctival Fibroblast Migration and Proliferation

Abstract

Purpose. To evaluate the dose effect of vitamin K3 on wound healing mechanisms. Methods. Conjunctival fibroblasts were incubated for 24 hours. An artificial wound was made and the cells were incubated with fresh medium plus doses of vitamin K3 to be tested. Wound repair was monitored at 0, 18, 24, and 48 hours. Proliferation was measured in actively dividing cells by [3H]thymidine uptake. Six different groups were tested: group 1/no drugs added, group 2/ethanol 0.1%, group 3/vitamin K3 1 mg/L, group 4/vitamin K3 2 mg/L, group 5/vitamin K3 4 mg/L, and group 6/vitamin K3 6 mg/L. Each experiment was carried out in triplicate and 4 times. Results. There were no differences among groups at the initial time. In vitro wound repair was slower in groups 4, 5, and 6. There were no differences between control and ethanol groups and between control and vitamin K3 1 mg/L groups. Fibroblast mitogenic activity was statistically decreased in all vitamin K groups; statistical differences were found among vitamin K3 1 mg/mL and higher doses too. In groups 5 and 6, cellular toxicity was presented. Conclusions. Vitamin K3 is able to inhibit fibroblast proliferation. Vitamin K3 2 mg/L or higher doses inhibit wound healing repair, exhibiting cellular toxicity at 4 and 6 mg/L.

Betamethasone augments the antifungal effect of menadione—towards a novel anti‐Candida albicans combination therapy

“…Unfortunately, the superoxide‐generating redox‐cycling compounds like menadione (also known as vitamin K3) and its derivatives including MSB have been reported to be cytotoxic on various mammalian cell lines with IC 50 values typically below 100 µM and, not surprisingly, these agents are proposed to be useful in anticancer therapies by taking advantage of the higher sensitivities of tumor cells . Furthermore, the ophthalmological applications of menadione may be severely limited by its adverse effects on conjunctival fibroblast proliferation and wound healing repair , the optical quality and mitochondrial integrity of crystalline lenses , the cell death processes of primary retina cells and also on cataract formation . Nevertheless, future studies with less‐cytotoxic oxidants like vitamin K1 and other naphthoquinones may provide a more acceptable and more exploitable combination.…”

Effect of vitamin K on wound healing: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on preclinical studies

“…Considering that animals and cells cannot understand the experiment, the risk of performance bias in animal and cell experiments is low. With regard to blinding outcome assessment, the six studies conducted by Pazyar et al (2019) and Pinilla et al (2014) showed a low risk of bias, and the remaining studies were not determined by us because of insufficient information. All studies showed low risks of bias for incomplete data and selective reporting, whereas other risks of bias were unclear.…”

“…By reading the full text for screening, seven articles were excluded (Supplementary Material S5) for the following reasons: four articles were not related to the effect of vitamin K on wound healing, and three articles did not report the wound healing rate, healing days, or tensile strength. Finally, six articles (including 16 studies) were eligible for meta-analysis (Amaral et al, 2014;Hemmati et al, 2014;Pinilla et al, 2014;Rush et al, 2016;Pazyar et al, 2019…”

“…The two studies conducted by Rush et al (2016) selected human telomerase-immortalized corneal epithelial cells. The intervention group used different concentrations of vitamins and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor group was set as the control, the treatment time of vitamin K is 4.5 h. However, the four studies conducted by Pinilla et al (2014) selected human connective fibroblasts to explore the effect of different concentrations of vitamin K on wound healing, the treatment time of vitamin K is 18 h. The results showed no difference between the 1 mg/L vitamin K3 group and the control group, whereas vitamin K3 significantly reduced the speed of wound healing at 2, 4, and 6 mg/L. Excluding two studies of Rush et al (2016), the result still showed that vitamin K significantly decelerates the process of wound healing; Excluding Pinilla et al's four studies (Pinilla et al, 2014), the result shows that vitamin K significantly improves wound healing rate.…”

“…a total of 54 patients were enrolled, and all participants were randomly assigned to either the control or intervention groups Hemmati et al (2014),Rush et al (2016),Pinilla et al (2014). applied different concentrations of vitamin K for intervention.…”