In vitro‐Untersuchungen und mikroskopische Studien zur Entwicklung von Phoma chrysanthemicola Hollos f. sp. chrysanthemicola, dem Erreger einer Wurzel‐ und Stengelgrundfäule der Chrysantheme

Abstract

In vitro investigations and microscopic studies about the development of Phoma chrysanthemicola Hollos f. sp. chrysanthemicola, the causal pathogen of a collar and root rot of chrysanthemums Different media were tested for cultivation of Phoma chrysanthemicola. The pathogen grew best on PDA and carrot‐Agar at a temperature of 25°C. The three strains used showed many variations, concerning the structure and colour of the mycelium. Fructification has been promoted by irradiation (ultra‐violer ray). The morphogenesis, especially the formation of pycnidia, conidia and sclerotial structures has been examined with help of the scanning electrone microscope (SEM), results are presented., So far unknown organs probably belonging to the fungus were observed, their identity is still not clear.

Where Does the Gold from the Cemetery of Ur Come From? – Provenancing Gold Sources Using Analytical Methods

“…signature of the gold from Ur shows a range of positive delta values (Figure 7) which is typical for a source of oxidized minerals (Klein, et al, 2010). Heavy mineral concentrates can also contain oxidized copper minerals like malachite (Hauptmann, et al, 2010). The copper in the gold seems to originate from the heavy mineral concentrate containing oxidized copper minerals.…”

“…In ancient times silver was exploited by the use of silver-bearing lead minerals such as galena or cerussite. One would expect a positive correlation between silver and lead for the gold artifacts if the silver content of the gold was an intentional alloy (Hauptmann, et al, 2010). However, there is no correlation: the silver of the golden objects does not seem to originate from lead ores.…”

“…Trace element patterns of gold artifacts used for provenance studies have been discussed in recent years through the introduction of sensitive laser ablation plasma mass spectrometry (Ehser, et al, 2011;Hauptmann, et al, 2010;Kovacs, et al, 2009;Schlosser, et al, 2010). In the following section, the trace element patterns of the gold artifacts from Ur are presented.…”