When developed as targeting ligands for the in vivo delivery of
biomaterials to biological systems, RNA aptamers immediately face numerous obstacles, in
particular nuclease degradation and post-selection 2′ modification. This study
aims to develop a novel class of highly stable, 2′-fully modified RNA aptamers
that are ideal for the targeted delivery of biomaterials. We demonstrated the facile
transcription of a fGmH (2′-F-dG, 2′-OMe-dA/dC/dU) RNA
library with unexpected hydrophobicity, the direct selection of aptamers from a fGmH RNA
library that bind Staphylococcus aureus Protein A (SpA) as a model
target, and the superior nuclease and serum stability of these aptamers compared to
2′-partially modified RNA variants. Characterizations of fGmH RNA aptamers binding
to purified SpA and to endogenous SpA present on the surface of S. aureus
cells demonstrate fGmH RNA aptamer selectivity and stability. Significantly, fGmH RNA
aptamers were able to functionalize, stabilize, and further deliver aggregation-prone
silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to S. aureus with SpA-dependent
antimicrobial effects. This study describes a novel aptamer class with considerable
potential to improve the in vivo applicability of nucleic acid-based
affinity molecules to biomaterials.