In vitro DNA damage protection and anti‐inflammatory effects of Tartary buckwheats (Fagopyrum tataricum L. Gaertn) fermented by filamentous fungi

Abstract

Summary The present work was designed to investigate the phenolic profiles, DNA damage protection and anti‐inflammatory effects of Tartary buckwheat fermented by Rhizopus oryzae 40469, Rhizopus oryzae 40503 and Rhizopus oligosporus 3152. Six phenolic compounds were characterised and quantified. Regardless of fermentation, rutin was the dominant phenolic substance in Tartary buckwheat. Fermentation significantly enhanced total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as DNA scission protection. Rhizopus oryzae 40469‐fermented sample had the highest content of phenolics, while R. oligosporus 3152‐fermented sample had the strongest inhibitory effect on DNA scission. Tartary buckwheat, regardless of fermentation, inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels in LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, the sample fermented with R. oryzae 40503 had the strongest inhibitory activity. Those results indicated that fermented Tartary buckwheat has potential applications as a novel nutraceutical or functional food for preventing DNA damage‐induced disease and inflammation.

Phenolic composition, antioxidant and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities of Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis Mill.) fruits extracted by different solvents and interaction between myricetin‐3‐O‐rhamnoside and quercetin‐3‐O‐rhamnoside

“…The total phenolic content (TPC) of each extract was measured according to a previously described Folin–Ciocalteu method with slight modifications (Huang et al ., ). The absorbance of the reaction solution was recorded with a microplate reader at 765 nm against a blank (SpectraMax M5, Molecular Device, Sunnyvale, CA, USA).…”

“…The total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined according to a previously reported colorimetric method (Huang et al ., ). The absorbance of the mixture was measured with a SpectraMax M5 microplate reader at 510 nm against a blank.…”

Metal Chelating, Inhibitory DNA Damage, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Phenolics from Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) Peel and the Quantifications of Geraniin and Corilagin

“…However, some studies showed that the extract with the highest amount of phenolics did not offer the strongest protective ability against DNA scission. Therefore, the total phenolic content, phenolic compositions, and chemical structures present in the phenolic extract may be in charge of DNA damage protection [ 25 ]. However, the potential mechanisms of DNA damage protection of phenolics need further investigation.…”

“…The overproduction of NO involves a series of events, including the reactions of free radicals and oxidants associated with several physiological disorders, such as acute and chronic inflammatory processes [ 5 , 25 ]. These processes eventually lead to tissue damage and organ dysfunction.…”

“…The cytotoxicity of RPP on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assayed by the MTT method [ 25 ]. The RPP sample (0–500 μg/mL) presented no significant toxicity ( p > 0.05) to the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.…”