In vitropharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics modeling and efficacy against systemic candidiasis inDrosophila melanogasterof a bisaryloxypropanamine derivative

Abstract

The number of deaths due to systemic fungal infections is increasing alarmingly, which is aggravated by the limitations of traditional treatments and multidrug resistance. Therefore, the research and development of new therapeutic options against pathogenic fungi is an urgent need. To evaluate the fungicidal activity of a synthetic compound, 1,3-bis-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)propan-2-aminium chloride (2j), through time-kill studies and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) modeling. The protective effect of the compound was also evaluated using the Drosophila melanogaster minihost model of candidiasis. Mathematical modeling of time-kill data of compound 2j was performed to obtain PD characteristics. Additionally, Toll-deficient D. melanogaster flies were infected with a Candida albicans strain and treated with 2j. We observed that compound 2j demonstrated a time- and dose-dependent fungicidal effect against Candida spp. and dermatophytes, even at low concentrations, and rapidly achieved kill rates reaching the maximum effect in less than one hour. The efficacy of the compound against systemic candidiasis in D. melanogaster flies was comparable to that achieved by fluconazole. These results support the potential of compound 2j as a systemic antifungal agent candidate and serve as a starting point for further studies involving mammalian animal models.

The Brazilian Compound Library (BraCoLi) Database: A Brazilian Repository of Chemical and Biological Information for Drug Design

“…Other important set of substances includes the 1,3-bis(aryloxy)propan-2-amines and 1,3bis(aryloxy)propan-2-ols derivatives such as compound 2j (Figure 2) with a broad spectrum of activities. There are reports describing their in vitro antibacterial 40 , antifungal 41 , antileishmanial 42,43 and antitrypanosomal 44 activities, as well as a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characterization in D. melanogaster model of candidiasis 39 and a patent deposited in Brazil 45 .…”