In vitroovicidal and larvicidal activities of some saponins and flavonoids against parasitic nematodes of goats

Abstract

This study assessed the anthelmintic activity of plant-derived compounds against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats using the egg hatch and larval motility assays. The compounds tested were saponins (digitonin and aescin) and their respective sapogenins (aglycones), hecogenin acetate and flavonoids (catechin, hesperidin, isocordoin and a mixture of isocordoin and cordoin). Additionally, cytotoxicity of active substances was analysed on Vero cell through 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl,2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and propidium iodide (PI) tests. Significant reduction on the egg hatching (P 90%). Nevertheless, higher cytotoxicity was observed in the MTT assay, with IC50 of 0.20 mg mL-1 (aescin) and 0.0074 mg mL-1 (digitonin). Aescin and digitonin have a pronounced in vitro anthelmintic effect and the glycone portion of these saponins plays an important role in this activity.

Nematocidal Effects of a Coriander Essential Oil and Five Pure Principles on the Infective Larvae of Major Ovine Gastrointestinal Nematodes In Vitro

“…These results agree with the previous findings regarding the anthelmintic effect of grape pomace extract against GINs [48]. Coriander oil and linalool, are reported to affect membrane diffusion through alteration of electrostatic property and permeability of cuticle in addition to inhibition of cuticular protein [49,50]. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of combined coriander oil and linalool on MDCK cells observed at > 1% concentration may be attributed to disruption of cell membrane integrity.…”

In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Saponins Derived from Medicago spp. Plants against Donkey Gastrointestinal Nematodes

“…The egg hatch test (EHT) is a standard bioassay commonly used for the in vitro screening of the anthelmintic properties of natural compounds against gastrointestinal nematodes [11,12]. EHT is in fact considered a valid and useful test for the evaluation of the in vitro efficacy of drugs and one of the main in vitro methods used for the detection of benzimidazole resistance in nematode parasites [13,14].…”

“…Among plant-derived substances, saponins are considered as potential anthelmintic natural compounds [11,12]. Biological effects of saponins are normally ascribed to their specific interaction with cell membranes [15], causing changes in cell permeability.…”

In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Saponins from Medicago spp. Against Sheep Gastrointestinal Nematodes

“…The available data from literature also confirm the 'in vitro' anthelmintic activity of this class of compounds against ruminant GIS. The saponins aescin and digitonin [17] and saponin fractions contained in Zizyphus joazeiro [16], Phytolacca icosandra [34] and Agave sisalana [18] showed 'in vitro' ovicidal activity against the nematodes of small ruminants. Similarly, the 'in vitro' ovicidal action of Combretum molle against eggs of H. contortus from sheep and of Ipomoea chiliantha, Tocoiena formosa and Aspilia latissima against the eggs of Haemonchus placei from cattle, have been attributed to their saponin content [33,35].…”

“…The anthelmintic activity of these plant extracts is related to the presence of biologically active metabolites such as condensed tannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids and saponins [14,15]. Among these, saponins are important secondary metabolites from plants, and are considered as potential anthelmintic natural compounds [16,17]. It is reported that fractions rich in steroidal and triterpenic saponins from Agave sisalana have an 'in vitro' ovicidal effect against the nematodes of goats [18].…”