In vitronematicidal effects of medicinal plants from the Sierra de Huautla, Biosphere Reserve, Morelos, Mexico againstHaemonchus contortusinfective larvae

Abstract

Twenty extracts from plants from Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve, Morelos, Mexico were evaluated against Haemonchus contortus infective larvae in an in vitro assay. The plant species evaluated were Bursera copallifera, B. grandifolia, Lippia graveolens, Passiflora mexicana, Prosopis laevigata, Randia echinocarpa and Urtica dioica. The plants were separated into their parts and macerated with different solvents (n-hexane, acetone, ethanol and methanol). An in vitro assay was used to evaluate the anthelmintic activity against unsheathed third stage H. contortus infective larvae. The experiment was carried out in 24-well cell culture plates at room temperature with three replicates per treatment and using a concentration of 20 mg ml- 1. Ten 5 microl aliquots were taken from the corresponding wells and deposited on a slide for microscopical observation at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-exposure. The evaluation criteria were based on the average numbers of live and/or dead larvae in the different treatments. Alive and dead larval numbers were statistically analysed through the ANOVA test (P>0.01). The Tukey test was used as a complementary tool to determine which treatment was different from the other treatments (P>0.05). The highest mortality was observed with P. laevigata hexanic extract from stem and leaves combined, which produced 51%, 81% and 86% larval mortality at 24, 48 and 72 h post-exposure, respectively. On the other hand, B. copallifera stem acetonic extract exhibited 18%, 59% and 66% nematicidal activity after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure, respectively.

Evaluation of anthelmintic activity of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles against the gastrointestinal nematode, Haemonchus contortus

“…Several studies have been conducted in various parts of the world, including India, depicting the anthelmintic activity of herbal extracts against H. contortus (Melo et al, 2003; Tandon et al, 2004; Roy et al, 2008a, b; Buske et al, 2013). Evaluation of anthelmintic activity is based on the in vitro egg hatch assay, larval development inhibition (Hordegen et al, 2006; Costa et al, 2008; Maphosa et al, 2010; Ademola & Eloff, 2011; Gregory et al, 2015) and a few studies on adulticidal assays (Barrau et al, 2005; López-Aroche et al, 2008; Akkari et al, 2014). In vitro studies are considered to be pilot screenings of herbal extracts, also assumed to be effective in in vivo trials.…”

Anthelmintic effects ofProsopis laevigatan-hexanic extract againstHaemonchus contortusin artificially infected gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

“…Some P. laevigata plant extracts have being used as home remedies to cure a number of mouth and eye infections (Monroy-Ortiz & Castillo, 2007); however, so far, there is no information about their possible in vivo nematocidal effect. In a recent work published by López-Aroche et al (2008), an assay was performed to evaluate the in vitro nematocidal activity of a number of different plant extracts obtained from the Sierra de Huautla, an ecological reserve situated in the Morelos state, Mexico. They recorded 50 and 85% nematocidal activity with P. laevigata n -hexane extract against H. contortus infective larvae.…”

“…Recently, a couple of research studies were conducted to evaluate the in vitro nematocidal effect of several plant extracts from La Sierra de Huautla ecological reserve, within the boundaries of the Morelos State in Mexico, including P. laevigata against infective larvae (L3) and fourth-stage larvae of the sheep abomasum nematode Haemonchus contortus . The results showed that the lethal activity against this parasitic nematode was 86 and 82.4% for L 3 and L 4 stages, respectively (Galicia-Aguilar et al , 2008; López-Aroche et al , 2008).…”

Insecticidal and Nematicidal Contributions of Mexican Flora in the Search for Safer Biopesticides

“…In in vitro studies, other investigations reported a lesser effect (20–40 mg/mL) on H. contortus larval mortality, including the hexane extract from the aerial parts of Prosopis laevigata , an acetone extract from the stem of B. copallifera [96], a hydro-methanolic extract from Larrea tridentata and aqueous extracts from Cydista aequinoctialis , Heliotropium indicum , and Momordica charantia (Table 22) [97,98].…”