In vitrolipolysis and lymphatic absorption ofn-3 long-chain PUFA in the rat: influence of the molecular lipid species as carrier

Abstract

The aim of this work was to study the bioavailability of fatty acids (FA), focusing on n-3 long-chain (LC) PUFA, carried by different molecular lipid species, that is, phospholipids (PL) or TAG, with three formulations based on fish oils or marine PL, providing a similar n-3 LC PUFA amount. The digestive lipolysis was first assessed using an in vitro enzymatic model. Then, intestinal absorption and enterocyte metabolism were investigated in vivo, on male Wistar rats through lymph lipid analysis. The in vitro results showed that the release of n-3 LC PUFA from lipolysis was increased by 48 % when FA were provided as PL rather than TAG. The in vivo results demonstrated that EPA and DHA from both TAG and PL were similarly absorbed and incorporated into lymph lipids. However, DHA was mainly distributed at the sn-1/3 positions of lymph TAG when provided as marine PL, whereas it was equally distributed at the three positions with marine TAG. On the whole, even if the molecular lipid species of n-3 LC PUFA did not greatly modify the in vivo digestion and absorption steps, it modulated the rearrangement of DHA on the glyceride positions of the lymph TAG, which may further impact the DHA metabolic fate and tissue accretion. Consequently, the present study has provided data which may be used to formulate lipid diets rich in DHA in the context of an insufficient consumption of n-3 PUFA in Western countries.

Selective extraction of phospholipids from food by-products by supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol and formulating ability of extracts

“…The PL profile of the raw materials is given in Table 2. The two camelina press cakes did not have the same PL profile: a higher proportion of PC and a lower amount of PA were observed in press cake (2). The PL profile of press cake (2) was close to that of seeds described in the literature (79 mol % PC + PI, 5 mol % PA) [44].…”

Impact of Rapeseed and Soy Lecithin on Postprandial Lipid Metabolism, Bile Acid Profile, and Gut Bacteria in Mice

“…Indeed, although recent data has described PL as potential preferential vectors of FA compared to TAG, notably concerning marine n-3 LC-PUFAs, [14][15][16][17] their capacity to increase systemic FA bioavailability remains controversial. [42,50] In this way, using a similar study design to the one employed here, but in piglets, Amate et al concluded that the bioavailability of n-3 LC PUFAs in lymph was unchanged, but that their distribution within lipoproteins was modulated, when provided as egg PL comparatively to marine TAG. [51] Nevertheless, the observed difference in plasma ALA abundance between RL and SL may result from differences in lipolysis and intestinal absorption rates.…”

“…Free FA were extracted according to the technique described by Bligh et Dyer. [40] PL and TAG were separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC), derived into FAME by transmethylation, [41,42] which were analyzed by GC-FID (Supplementary Experimental Section).…”

Diet restriction alone improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity than its coadministration with krill or fish oil in a rabbit model of castration‐induced obesity

“…Another critical liver-specific gene is the pyruvate kinase. It has a prominent role in the glycolysis pathway and strongly correlates with liver lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function (Liu et al, 2019) (Rydén & Arner, 2017;Sehl et al, 2019;Vackova et al, 2019). Therefore, the combination of severe diet restriction with KO or FO, used in our experiment, probably promotes overstimulation of lipolysis in fat depots, resulting in excessive release of free fatty acids.…”

“…Adipocyte lipolysis is activated, and free fatty acid delivery from adipose tissue to the liver is continuously provoked. Besides, several in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that PUFAs stimulate lipolysis in adipose tissue (Rydén & Arner, 2017; Sehl et al, 2019; Vackova et al, 2019). Therefore, the combination of severe diet restriction with KO or FO, used in our experiment, probably promotes overstimulation of lipolysis in fat depots, resulting in excessive release of free fatty acids.…”